tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22244808998642649882024-02-07T05:34:14.478-08:00Gold in WyomingA geologist's perspective on Wyoming's gold deposits, mines, districts, associated mineralization, alteration and bureaucrats. How and where to prospect for gold and rattlesnakes in the Cowboy state. The Gem Hunterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140441375536836992noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2224480899864264988.post-22257539592692949552018-01-13T08:29:00.014-08:002022-02-19T14:44:24.036-08:00Giant and Hidden Gold Deposits, Wyoming<div style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAYMn0tNgXVyr_IDeriA-1oYAssWJEqZIx7CRpQ-UILrJJW0QE9N_WBffKL8_ptWWf7lU4Q9ecsMXRfsqin-8uE-Xj3blEsHYf2b8reA7nSsojc4tkWJdoa1AmPvWQyvDTrcAdH-u16pdr/s1600/Atlantic+City%252C+Wyoming+sign+%2528Gemhunter.webs.com%2529.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAYMn0tNgXVyr_IDeriA-1oYAssWJEqZIx7CRpQ-UILrJJW0QE9N_WBffKL8_ptWWf7lU4Q9ecsMXRfsqin-8uE-Xj3blEsHYf2b8reA7nSsojc4tkWJdoa1AmPvWQyvDTrcAdH-u16pdr/s640/Atlantic+City%252C+Wyoming+sign+%2528Gemhunter.webs.com%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Ah, Atlantic City, my home away from home. While working at the University of Wyoming for the<br /> Wyoming Geological Survey, I mapped the <a href="http://southpassgreenstone.blogspot.com/">South Pass Greenstone Belt</a> and underground mines <br />from 1983 to 1988, and completed a 129-page summary book with a compiled 1:48,000 map.<br />While mapping for a few summers in the 80s, provided me access to many gold prospectors. Many<br /> evenings were spent sharing spirits in the Atlantic City <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City_Mercantile">Mercantile</a> while listening to various stories <br />about the big one (nugget) that got away. But there were just as many evenings spent with a coyote<br /> choir on the plains near <a href="https://westernmininghistory.com/mine_detail/60000056/">Lewiston</a> where only myself and a few coyotes sang ballads to the local <br />prairie dogs, some crazy critter than ran laps around my tent, and ghosts from Lewiston. I thank<br />God for the opportunity to spend summers in this fantastic gold country. And I also need to thank<br />some of the locals for so many wild stories to tell around campfires and public prospecting talks.<br /><br /></i></td></tr>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><i><span style="color: #ffa400; font-size: x-small;">Revised 2/18/2022</span>.</i></b> Wyoming is known for its detrital gold in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placer_deposit">paleoplacers</a>. These are simply fossil stream placers deposited in the geological past that are now mostly high and dry. Mining these requires transporting water to the paleoplacer, or the paleoplacer to water. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Where a paleoplacer consists of relatively unconsolidated gravel, it can be mined similar to a sand and gravel operation. If the operation is near a road, the sand and gravel can be used as a by-product for road construction. The opposite may also occur where gold can be extracted as a by-product of sand & gravel operations if it is found such operations have anomalous gold. Where paleoplacers are extremely old, such as in the <a href="https://www.geologyforinvestors.com/largest-gold-deposit-world-witwatersrand-gold-fields/">Witwatersrand</a> of South Africa, the gold is recovered from underground mines to depths of more than 13,000 feet. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Ugh! Where are all the people coming from?</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Small paleoplacers are found scattered around the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City,_Wyoming">Atlantic City</a> area at South Pass and there are also likely overlooked paleoplacers. The closer these paleoplacers sit to gold-bearing shear zones, the better they should be. To find these on Google Earth, visit the to Atlantic City, Wyoming area. This is where I figured I would end up retiring after I got tired of the Wyoming Geological Survey, but already, the area is getting crowded. Just look at the populations signs!</span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Follow the Riverview Cutoff road south of town at an eye altitude of about 10,000 feet on Google Earth. Near GPS coordinates 42°28'45"N; 108°42’58”W close to the northern extent of one paleoplacer. As you look at the area on aerial photography, note rock foliation (lineation) disappears - this is because the very old (2.8 Ga) metamorphic rocks are buried by the much younger paleoplacer. On the ground, the paleoplacer has scattered, rounded, rocks that normally can not be seen on aerial photography; however, at 42°28'36"; 108°42’46”W a rounded, white boulder is actually visible on the aerial photos at an eye altitude around 8,300 feet. When you slowly back off the eye elevation to 17,000 or 18,000 feet, you will be able to see the extent of the paleoplacer (it is subtle, but its there). At the eastern extent of the paleoplacer is an old ditch dug by late 19th century to early 20th century prospectors presumably to transport water from Rock Creek to hydraulically mine parts of the paleoplacer and parts of Rock Creek. </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>JP, Jim and me on Rock Creek, 2015. I'm the good looking <br />wearing shoes.</i></td></tr>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A couple of years ago, I had the opportunity to consult on gold in Rock Creek. It was an eye-opener. This gold placer was mined from about 1933 until it closed due to an order filed at the outbreak of the second world war. It is apparent to me, that the early prospectors left behind considerable gold, not only because of the inefficiency of their processing plant, but also because of the poor mining practices where they covered areas of virgin ground with tailings, and left other parcels of virgin ground untouched altogether. When mining ended in 1942 due to the mine closure by the War Minerals Board, the placer operation never gold reopened, but the operation was in mineralized ground in 1942 that was minable at gold prices of only $35.50/ounce. To me, this deposit looks to be a very good placer particularly at today's gold prices.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Rock foliation in the Miners Delight formation seen on the side of hills from Rock Creek <br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">A large paleoplacer (with reworked gold deposits, or placers) is found south of the South Pass greenstone belt. This is the Dickie Springs-Oregon Buttes paleoplacer and the greenstone belt continues under this large paleoplacer. In 1978, a few members of the US Geological Survey astounded the geological community when they suggested this paleoplacer contained as much as 28.5 million ounces of gold! If valid, that would make this one of the larger gold deposits in the US. But little exploration occurred on the gold deposit because of its size and lack of water. Even so, past information suggests that reworked portions of the paleoplacer near Dickie Springs (42°18'30"N; 108°51’48"W) has more than a million ounces of gold. This should provide an exciting gold prospecting opportunity. Not only is their gold in the paleoplacer, but in places it has been reworked by modern drainages and there should be ample amounts of gold in drainages in the area. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyIF4_iMDqvI8tpe-ChS1r-ac9KmWZUlrxCPyFcBkoEgNLnn7GKPN4SF67hTb43AYKwt03KzAOS3UH0YvJJqYb04A5vw8IyYtWbNSLC-St2PxAalcUamiGNqSom4buO6xbUFQqQxvzD_qD/s1600/Dickie+Springs+showing+paleoplacer.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyIF4_iMDqvI8tpe-ChS1r-ac9KmWZUlrxCPyFcBkoEgNLnn7GKPN4SF67hTb43AYKwt03KzAOS3UH0YvJJqYb04A5vw8IyYtWbNSLC-St2PxAalcUamiGNqSom4buO6xbUFQqQxvzD_qD/s400/Dickie+Springs+showing+paleoplacer.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Examination of the Dickie Springs gravel in<br />the Dickie Springs-Oregon Buttes paleoplacer <br />south of South Pass at Dickie Springs (photo <br />by the author).</i></td></tr>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span><br /><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Gold has been mined in that region in the historical past as well as in recent years. To find Dickie Springs, do a Google Earth search for “Dickie Springs, Fremont County, Wyoming”. When you arrive at the spot, note that Dickie Springs sits in a drainage that flows to the northeast to the Sweetwater River at the edge of the exposed portion of the South Pass greenstone belt (and its not the only drainage). </span></span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Now keep in mind: there is not only a world-class paleoplacer gold deposit siting along the southern edge of the South Pass greenstone belt, but there is also a hidden, world-class, lode gold deposit in this region that supplied the gold to the paleoplacer. This hidden source rock is very likely part of the South Pass greenstone belt, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenstone_belt">greenstone belts</a> are known for several major gold deposits worldwide. So, where is this deposit? </span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Several years ago, Hecla Mining had a possible lead, but their project was terminated by company management. It will likely take detailed geophysical surveys and drilling to find it, or someone will have to get the Hecla report from the company files.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTGqa2bEmivgC62jYFs-i6kqzYgO81KTFr6jJlgjkQrepgBtmjgdKglwDABIweq-YAgvMMdpntYX31e5ds634aijA3SKZJTQP0v-FdWqledXyjS2q7PyuApwb3SzqbO5x-Ktou1djYgEmi/s1600/Dickie+Spgs+Placer+Gold+1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1536" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTGqa2bEmivgC62jYFs-i6kqzYgO81KTFr6jJlgjkQrepgBtmjgdKglwDABIweq-YAgvMMdpntYX31e5ds634aijA3SKZJTQP0v-FdWqledXyjS2q7PyuApwb3SzqbO5x-Ktou1djYgEmi/s640/Dickie+Spgs+Placer+Gold+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Dave Freitag shows a vial of gold recovered from his paleoplacer gold property at Dickie Springs<br /> (photo by the author).</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Oregon Buttes lit up by the sun on the horizon. View from <br />South Pass (photo by the author).</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpdjdaylae88EG-FhrSTJ8-KnUBS3neBbeF-DUH1CG1ccDLc4v8vphdpyTRZOiXGXJd8nHnMcT2HwOkwLxScQC2ZEaf7oLeHP06oUrUYznzYpiZmK6Pjz-FF-RbLZg2-vtU1Qu4BHDjPNy/s1600/Placer+gold%252C+Dickie+Springs+-+Oregon+Buttes%252C+Wyoming+%2528Gemhunter.webs.com%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="595" data-original-width="900" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpdjdaylae88EG-FhrSTJ8-KnUBS3neBbeF-DUH1CG1ccDLc4v8vphdpyTRZOiXGXJd8nHnMcT2HwOkwLxScQC2ZEaf7oLeHP06oUrUYznzYpiZmK6Pjz-FF-RbLZg2-vtU1Qu4BHDjPNy/s640/Placer+gold%252C+Dickie+Springs+-+Oregon+Buttes%252C+Wyoming+%2528Gemhunter.webs.com%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Gold from the Dickie Springs paleoplacer - photo courtesy of Dr. J. David Love. </i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Generalized map of Wyoming's ancient Precambrian rocks<br />showing location of greenstone belts in Wyoming. <br />South Pass lies in Western Wyoming at the southern <br />tip of the Wind River Mountains</i>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWrHT0uFNdog44AEOspStIqRIcfSVK155X0hqthd4tlE-VIIzSNJQrQ43ghmD4BF5mMYzehMm-THF33i71U0XF2Ru8qE76jBQyFiqppeR_iUpF83C30cfA7sBwRJZeyA-eWJAQM_XOYTwe/s1600/Rock+Creek+dredge+plant%252C+South+Pass%252C+Wyoming+%2528GemHunter.webs.com%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWrHT0uFNdog44AEOspStIqRIcfSVK155X0hqthd4tlE-VIIzSNJQrQ43ghmD4BF5mMYzehMm-THF33i71U0XF2Ru8qE76jBQyFiqppeR_iUpF83C30cfA7sBwRJZeyA-eWJAQM_XOYTwe/s640/Rock+Creek+dredge+plant%252C+South+Pass%252C+Wyoming+%2528GemHunter.webs.com%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fisher dredge sits all alone on Rock Creek abandoned in 1942 when the War Minerals Board <a href="https://raregoldnuggets.com/?p=6771">closed</a> <br />all gold mining operations in the US to focus all energy on the war effort (photo by the author).<br />Just remember, this placer mine was economic at that time (gold price of $35.50). Compare to <a href="https://goldprice.org">today's</a><br />gold price - no wonder why I think this mine should be started up again!<br /></i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The author lectures to a group of gold prospectors about the geology and gold deposits of the <br />South Pass greenstone belt and associated paleoplacers (photo courtesy of David Miller).</i><br /><i><br /></i></td></tr>
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The Gem Hunterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140441375536836992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2224480899864264988.post-91805026289293700972015-06-15T11:08:00.008-07:002022-02-19T14:45:28.764-08:00The Lewiston Gold Mining District, South Pass, Wyoming<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Gold recovered from Rock Creek in the <a href="http://southpassgreenstone.blogspot.com/">South Pass greenstone belt</a>, Wyoming</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>I spent an entire summer living in the <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibwa0MDvW4zPugblhB1y9ID5m63AdKG5EkjGc9kjdJCt88HmVD30yx1BOftm6EMLOM1MaP4BTlkb4L5gl40nG6nHxYTsE1MgnT865Ilu_PWD3qdvkjmSbVemPzsdo4M-WioocopMUbcSU/s1600/Figure+80.+Lewiston+district+map+300dpi.jpg">Lewiston gold district</a> in a tent so I could train the local <a href="https://campustocareer.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/wile-e-coyote-5000806.jpg">coyote</a>s how to properly sing. I would get up early in the morning and walk all day on an ancient, petrified, 2.8 billion year old sea. Yes, all of those ancient rocks were deposited on a coastal sea bed. So, while I was walking around covering miles each day, <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=map+of+south+pass+greenstone+belt&espv=2&biw=1540&bih=875&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CCUQsARqFQoTCNr8wKejksYCFYGBDQodA_kAGw">sketching</a> maps, foliations, faults, gold-bearing structures on <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd4SYB2ySBxOP8CwhR7MP_DAeLLBWN1XZbrA0ARvfpBXPiIGWW8g64uMcc6B79J6FkArC0F3KVfUFpH4Ye1SH5kZmMLQfOELtfVejGPjagd4gHFE5wb2M0CRXwjgliB-o39YIIFSt9/s640/figure+3+Lewiston.jpg">my maps</a>, every summer, I would drop from about 185 pounds to 160 pounds in body weight - hey, I discovered a new weight loss program! Walk all day in a hot sun, and then try eating my cooking on a Coleman stove. Ugh! Those cans of spam only taste good when the spam is fried to a crisp and covered with a mountain of cheese and dirt! In total, I spent about 5 years mapping the South Pass greenstone belt along with eight 7.5-minute quadrangles. It was tough, but someone had to spend time in that fresh air. And I wore out a few pairs of boots which you will understand after you walk a few miles across those steeply dipping meta-graywackes. Take plenty of duct tape!</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Another pair of field boots bites the <br />dust at South Pass. Wore out 4 pairs <br />of boots mapping a 450-square mile <br />greenstone belt and abandoned mines. <br />These were left over the door at the <br />Wyoming Geological Survey as I <br />walked out for my last day after<br /> the manager-challenged director <br />confiscated my field vehicle, tent, <br />t-paper (now that was something <br />he could definitely use), underwear <br />& cans of spam and pork and<br /> beans because <br />I complained about his <br />premeditated harassment of Ray<br />Harris (RIP) who died from the<br />stress (that is my non-medical <br />opinion, worth just about as much<br />as <a href="https://elamerican.com/the-idiot-of-the-week-fauci/">Fauci's</a>).<br /></i>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; letter-spacing: 0px;">The <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">South Pass belt</span> is a large, tightly-folded and complexly-faulted metamorphosed synformal basin similar to many gold-bearing regions in Australia, Canada and southern Africa. The South Pass greenstone belt encloses a few old <a href="http://southpassgreenstone.blogspot.com/"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">mining districts</span></a> that I combined into the (1) Atlantic City-Miners Delight-South Pass City district to the west, and (2) the Lewiston district to the east. Considerable gold is also found further south in the Dickie Springs-Oregon Buttes area in geologically young gravels, conglomerates and sediments eroded from the South Pass greenstone belt. The USGS reported those eroded conglomerates could contain as much as 28.5 million ounces of gold - in my opinion, all eroded from the gre</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; letter-spacing: 0px;">enstone belt</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Greenstone belts formed in very-ancient geological past in deep volcanic and sedimentary basins along the shores of active volcanic coasts. As a result, much of the material deposited in these old basins consist of volcanic material shed from volcanically active islands, sediments from both the continent and islands, and sea bed hydrothermal vents. A modern analogy would be the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Japan#/media/File:Sea_of_Japan_Map_en.png">Sea of Japan</a>, where much volcanic material in the oceanic basin comes from the Japan islands and submarine hotspots, and much of the sedimentary material is eroded not only from Japan, but also from the Korean coastline. As a result, many of the rock types in greenstone belts are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_lava"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">pillow basalts and serpentinites</span></a> that were deposited in the sea. Other volcanics commonly found in greenstone belts include unusual, <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">magnesium-rich lave flows</span> known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Komatiite"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">komatiites</span></a>. </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The common types of sedimentary rocks found in greenstone belts include limited <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelite"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">pelitic</span></a> sediments, some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_iron_formation"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">banded iron</span></a>, and more widespread <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywacke"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">greywackes</span></a>. The pelites and greywackes eroded primarily from the coastlines, while the banded iron sediments likely were produced from submarine volcanic eruptions.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">These sediments and volcanics at South Pass were deposited more than 2.8 billion years ago when the earth was poor in oxygen in what geologists refer to as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archean"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Archean</span></a> Eon. As geological time continued, the volcanic islands continued to move closer and closer to the continental shore line due to continental drift. This resulted in squeezing and compression of the rocks on the oceanic basic until the forces of compression produced sufficient pressures and temperatures that the sediments in this basin began to lithify and as the pressures and temperatures reached critical levels, the rocks began to recrystallize resulting in what geologists call <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Metamorphic_rock"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">metamorphic</span></a> rocks. As these rocks were recrystallizing, they were also complexly folded and faulted and this likely was the time much of the gold was released (leached) from many of the rocks and focused into the faults (referred to as shear zones) and into the tops (peaks) of the folds. I came across a <a href="http://geo.msu.edu/extra/geogmich/images/greenstonebelt.jpg"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">cross section</span></a> on the Internet that gives a general cartoon of what a slice of a greenstone belt might look like. Along the edges of the greenstone belt are some granites that later intruded the belt about 2.4 to 2.6 billion years ago.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">At the Hidden Hand mine in the Lewiston district, one will see rocks that are mostly greywackes that have been metamorphosed to produce ‘meta-greywackes’. These were clay-rich sandstones that are now light to dark gray in color and most are standing on edge from folding. The lode gold at the Hidden Hand mine and other mines in the area, was focused along a shear-zone (fault). </span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">If you look at the Hidden Hand mine on Google Earth, you will see many prospect pits and trenches that were dug along the trend of the shear zone in the search for commercial gold deposits. I was able to follow this shear zone for 2 to 2.3 miles along a 40 degree heading. Where the Hidden hand shear zone intersects Strawberry Creek to the north, the fault (shear zone) is likely offset by a much later fault that controls the location of Strawberry Creek (i.e., Strawberry Creek lies in a fault zone). This gold-bearing shear is offset to the west about 0.25 mile and continues along the same trend on the north bank of the creek for another mile at least. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">Much of the lode gold in the Lewiston district occurs in strike-trending <a href="http://blogs.agu.org/mountainbeltway/2013/06/07/friday-fold-south-pass-city-wyoming/"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">shear-zones</span></a> that parallel fold </span><span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">limbs in metagreywacke and are thought to have formed during regional folding and metamorphism. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Cross-cutting shears are poorly mineralized. The strike shears (those that follow the trend of rock </span>foliation<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> and bedding) are weakly mineralized with sporadic rich ore shoots most likely occurring in fold closures. In some of these ore shoots, excellent specimens of native gold in quartz have been found in recent years. The shears were traced a few hundred to >3 miles along strike. It can’t be emphasized enough that significant portions of these shears are hidden under thin soil cover and remain unsampled. Some rich ore shoots are likely hidden under a few inches to a few feet of soil in this area and it would be interesting to expose the entire trend of these shears with a backhoe or dozer. Gold placers occur downstream from the shear structures in Strawberry Creek, Deep Creek, the Sweetwater River and Big Nugget Gulch. Others likely occur with limited volumes of gravel.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black;">This was great! I was inducted into the International Order</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Big Nugget (Giblin) Placer</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>Sections 31, 32 & 33, T29N, R98W</i>). Haff (1944e) reported “<i>five good-size nuggets were found in this placer”</i>. The <i>Wyoming State Journal (March 23, 1932)</i> reported nuggets weighing 5.3 and 5.2 ounces were also found. The Big Nugget placer possibly resides adjacent to the old Lewiston ghost town just southwest of the Mint mine, but several drainages are located near Lewiston that cut gold-bearing shear zones, and anyone could be the Big Nugget placer including Deep Creek to the east. Based on the reports of several nuggets in this placer, the Big Nugget likely sits over or adjacent to, an ore shoot in a shear zone. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Bullion mine</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>N/2 section 5, T28N, R98W</i>). The Bullion was developed by a series of open cuts on a strike shear and in eluvium on the north bank of Strawberry Creek adjacent to the former Lewiston town site. The Bullion ore shoot lies at the intersection of N46</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending strike shear with N80</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending cross-fault in metagreywacke. Gold values were reported to range from 0.3 to 3 opt Au (Barlett and Runner, 1926). Pfaff (1978) reported 21,000 ounces were mined from this site. This may be exaggerated based on the relatively small size of the workings.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Burr mine</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>N/2 section 8, T28N, R98W</i>). The Burr is located at coalescing shears which produced a zone of intense brecciation. An N49</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending shear was intersected by an N73</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">W-trending cross shear. A few hundred feet west, the Amanda incline was sunk on the intersection of three shears: an N73</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">W-trending cross shear, N40</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending strike shear and an N56</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending shear. South of the Burr, a prominent cross fault intersects the shear near the Irish Jew prospect. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black;">Working on my South Pass in my office at the University of Wyoming. Note</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Rich pockets were mined that yielded 25 to 250 opt Au (<i>Lewiston Gold Miner, 1894</i>). Some rare specimen grade material reportedly contained as much as 1,690 opt Au (<i>Wyoming Industrial Journal, 1901, v.2, no.11, p. 320</i>). One 16-foot wide zone was reported to average 0.5 opt Au. In 1893, a small pocket of ore was intersected that yielded nearly 2,900 ounces of gold (<i>Engineering and Mining Journal, 1893, v. 56, p. 406</i>). In addition, tungsten was found at this site. Wilson (1951a) reported scheelite was found in stringers, lenses, pods and specks conformable to the gold horizon. Samples yielded 2.5 to 70 % WO</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sub>3</sub></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> and averaged 5% WO</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sub>3</sub></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Goodhope mine</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>SW section 34, T29N, R98W</i>). A shallow shaft was sunk on a 2-foot wide, N45</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending, vertical, chloritized shear in metagreywacke. South of the shaft, the shear was trenched for 100 feet exposing sheared quartz lenses with visible gold. A grab sample of quartz assayed 1.18 opt Au. Three 2-foot channel sample dug across the shear assayed 0.11 opt Au, 0.35 opt Au and 0.63 opt Au. As incredible as it sounds, much of the shear remained unexplored when investigated by Hausel (1991a).</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Hidden Hand mine</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>SE section 5, T28N, R98W</i>). The Hidden Hand mine is located about 8 miles east, southeast of Atlantic City along the Lewiston road (<i>also referred to as the Oregon trail road</i>) south of both the Lewiston ghost town site and Strawberry Creek. The mine is on a patented claim. Patented claims are claims filed under the 1872 mining law that had enough value that the government allowed the claimants to purchase the property at a fair market price, which was done in the 19</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>th</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> century to stimulate interest in mining and development of the West. Today, it is impossible to patent claims. Although we never had access problems to this mine because it sits in the middle of BLM ground surrounded by vast, empty, wasteland, it could easily be blocked off. There is a very disturbing trend of people with non-mining interests buying patented claims for cabin sites and then closing off access. Maps that cover this area include the Radium Springs 7.5 minute (1:24,000 scale) topographic and geological maps. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu5-gQULik9qeVfJoq0NtOyVqIh2Ut7tGGc7FTli6YnH1n-f8T-05OdlGUCyAZS0CCRv2XrdmNJRXjFIUMuRzQqHdI6CTxCUzZnMuqi3kfhQHqA6KemKScEFiQ_XZU_7NNPwzpNAU528dV/s1600/DSCF1878.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="background-color: black; color: black;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu5-gQULik9qeVfJoq0NtOyVqIh2Ut7tGGc7FTli6YnH1n-f8T-05OdlGUCyAZS0CCRv2XrdmNJRXjFIUMuRzQqHdI6CTxCUzZnMuqi3kfhQHqA6KemKScEFiQ_XZU_7NNPwzpNAU528dV/s320/DSCF1878.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">Examination of the area on <i>Google Earth</i> shows distinct foliation (closely spaced lines) in the Miners Delight Formation metagreywacke that trend to the northeast. Rocks in this area are folded, faulted and turned on end. Also noticeable is the alignment of the Burr Mine with the Hidden Hand Mine and that this trend parallels regional foliation. A nearly east-west to northeasterly trending line of vegetation is visible southwest of the Hidden Hand that represents a cross-cutting shear zone intersecting the primary shear at the Hidden Hand. There are several prospect pits and a number of backhoe trench scars that were cut perpendicular to the primary shear zone. The results of samples from these trenches are unknown.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The shaft was sunk on a 10- to 30-foot-wide, N40</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending, 62</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">NW-dipping shear in chloritized, hematitic metagreywacke. The shaft was 110-feet deep and the shear was explored by at least 640 feet of drifts prior to 1926 (Henderson, 1926). Ore from the 30-foot level ran as high as 75 opt Au. In 1916, about 1000 tons of ore with an average grade of 4 opt Au were reportedly stockpiled. Some specimen-grade material assayed 3,100 opt Au (<i>since there are only 32,000 ounces in a ton, this indicates that the specimen contained 9.6% gold and the value was likely exaggerated</i>). Samples of altered metagreywacke collected from the dump contained only trace gold (Hausel, 1989). This discrepancy suggests one of a two possibilities: (1) the reported assays were exaggerated or (2) the property developed a reputation for excellent gold specimens and the mine dump was thoroughly picked over by collectors. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">Little information about this mine has been published and the mine workings are inaccessible, thus it is difficult to provide much in the way of conclusions. The exposed structure at the Hidden Hand mine exhibits considerable brittle deformation – something that is more typical of Laramide faulting (post gold mineralization) in this region. It is recommended that the mine working be reopened and explored or that the property be drilled.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Iron Duke</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>SE section 5, T29N, R98W</i>). North of the Hidden Hand mine, coalescing shears intersect at the Iron Duke shaft (<i>Figure 80</i>). The shaft was sunk on a relatively wide shear in altered metagreywacke: secondary hematite, chlorite, quartz with minor sericite and epidote replace portions of the sheared rock and wallrock. A short distance east of the mine is an unexplored shear with chlorite and hematite alteration. A sample of silicified metagreywacke taken in the Iron duke shear assayed 0.21 opt Au. A 6-foot wide channel sample across the shear yielded 0.036 opt Au (Hausel, 1991a). </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Lewiston iron formation</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>N/2 NE section 25, T29N, R98W</i>). In many greenstone belts around the world, iron formations are known for localizing both syngenetic (gold deposited during deposition of the host rocks) and epigenetic gold (gold introduced to the rocks at a later time). A sample of hematitic iron formation collected from the outcrop assayed 0.55% Cu, 0.02 opt Au and 0.05 opt Ag (Hausel, 1991a). The rest of the iron formation remains unevaluated but this sample suggests that mineralizing fluids were localized by the iron formation.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Lone Pine mine</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>SE section 9, T28N, R98W</i>). An adit was driven 470 feet across foliation along an N67</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">W trend in the north bank of the Sweetwater River. Several narrow shears, faults and breccias zones were intersected in the tunnel. Only one narrow, 1-inch-wide, arsenopyrite-quartz vein was intersected. A sample of the vein assayed 0.61 opt Ag with no detectable gold. The apparent target for this mine was a cross-cut vein 1,200 feet from the portal; however the mine stopped 700 feet short of the structure. A shaft was sunk on this structure, but reclamation obscured all geological relationships. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSklqO4d4honQaCK1r6M_q5mNd0dHa_Mr2ramh8FBQL7aACe1z78hcGizEM82h15gPxo6OkMPDGcYlymeuCYm1ZHCE0Ug6lGZgb9Ha9UfWl7Z5-2tTUbI7Ob2pAAgXhcYvhKfNc_oi340u/s1600/A+34-ounce+nugget+from+Rock+Creek%252C+South+Pass.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="background-color: black; color: black;"><img border="0" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSklqO4d4honQaCK1r6M_q5mNd0dHa_Mr2ramh8FBQL7aACe1z78hcGizEM82h15gPxo6OkMPDGcYlymeuCYm1ZHCE0Ug6lGZgb9Ha9UfWl7Z5-2tTUbI7Ob2pAAgXhcYvhKfNc_oi340u/s400/A+34-ounce+nugget+from+Rock+Creek%252C+South+Pass.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black;">A 24 (possibly 34) ounce nugget from Rock Creek at South Pass</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">In some districts, high gold values often correlate with arsenopyrite, but this does not appear to be the case for South Pass. Prospectors should learn to recognize this important sulfide because of its potential to hold significant gold values hidden within the mineral. <i>Arsenopyrite</i> is mostly found as a massive, silver-gray, metallic sulfide associated with distinct yellow-green arsenic-bearing limonite known as <i>scorodite</i>. When arsenopyrite is struck by a rock hammer, a prospector will notice a distinct garlic odor from the arsenic (Hausel, 2009b).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">In 1987, two trenches were dug in a search for a possible ore shoot at the buried shaft. The trench perpendicular to the vein demonstrated the vein pinched out just short of the shaft even though it is traceable for >3,000 feet to the northeast. In the trench perpendicular to the foliation, a hidden, 17-foot-wide chloritized shear zone with quartz stringers was discovered. A channel sample across the width of this shear averaged 0.047 opt Au and 0.8 opt Ag. Composite chip samples were anomalous in gold.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Mint-Gold Leaf mine</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>SE section 33, T29N, R98W</i>). Two shafts located 500 feet apart were sunk on a N53</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending vertical, silicified shear in Miners Delight metagreywacke. This shear is traceable over a distance of 10,000 feet, but has fewer than 2 dozen prospects and shafts along its trend indicating considerable potential for mineralized unexplored ground. At the Mint, the shear is well exposed in a shallow trench with shafts located at both ends of the trench. The southern shaft was reclaimed and the northern shaft was covered. The shear is 2.5 feet wide at the northern end of the trench and about 6-feet-wide at the southern end. Samples containing visible gold were collected from this trench. The Gold Leaf shaft is shallow with little development. It appears to lie a few feet west of the main shear.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVUwRY5LhV7Bk7aIb6jFjfqnoG7OfMdH3LRhgBFGIEgxgoGHoMRB2vgUJOrg8w368u3dxO52pMLPbAgbicicn2mxYUFLDoUia7B8Csxh3VhQ8nCMkwwxo0fot4oPUeafEBoHLDDfvkoEAN/s1600/CrowsNestNuggetsRecoveredByGaryNunn.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="background-color: black; color: black;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVUwRY5LhV7Bk7aIb6jFjfqnoG7OfMdH3LRhgBFGIEgxgoGHoMRB2vgUJOrg8w368u3dxO52pMLPbAgbicicn2mxYUFLDoUia7B8Csxh3VhQ8nCMkwwxo0fot4oPUeafEBoHLDDfvkoEAN/s320/CrowsNestNuggetsRecoveredByGaryNunn.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black;">Gold nuggets found with metal detector in the Crows Nest at</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;">South Pass by Gary Nunn.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">Channel samples were collected across the shear. A 2.5-foot channel sample collected near the northern shaft assayed 1.29 opt Au (Hausel, 1987b). Another 2.5-foot channel sample assayed 3.05 opt Au (J.E. Bond, personal communication, 1986). Knight (1901) collected a sample from the Mint shaft that assayed 0.61 opt Au. This property and much of the shear structure provides an excellent gold target that remains mostly unevaluated. This property should be drilled to see if the gold continues at depth. A sample of quartz in the shear zone was dug out that was filled with visible gold. The sample was not assayed but kept as a specimen and likely would have assayed 10 to 50 opt Au.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Wilson Bar adit</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b> </b>(<i>SW section 9, T28N, R98W</i>). A 180-foot long tunnel was driven perpendicular to regional foliation to test a 2- to 3-foot-wide cupriferous quartz vein in metagreywacke. The tunnel cut several narrow shears, fractures and veins and terminated in 15-feet of brittle breccia without intersecting the target. The quartz vein pinched out northeast of the mine face.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Wilson Bar placer</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b> </b>(<i>SW section 9, NW section 16, T28N, R98W</i>). The Burr and Hidden Hand lodes drain into Burr Gulch. This gulch continues south into the Sweetwater River. The mouth of Burr Gulch is known as Wilson Bar. During the early history of Lewiston, this placer was reported to be exceptionally rich. The Lewiston Gold Miner (1894) reported the placer was discovered following several samples that yielded 0.2 to 0.9 ounces to the pan. It was also reported that 370 ounces were recovered from a 500-foot strip of gravel. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Wolf (Ruby) Mine</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>SE section 22, T29N, R98W</i>). The Wolf mine is located to the northwest of the Atlantic City road. Three shafts (<100 feet deep) were sunk on a 4,500 foot long hematite-stained chloritized shear zone. The shear is not well-exposed but is as much as 160-feet-wide. The structure lies within a subtle linear depression. The width of the structure was determined by trenching and the depression continues to the northeast and southwest from the shafts. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The footwall on the 78</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">NW-dipping shear is silicified. One grab sample of gray quartz with altered metagreywacke assayed 0.68 opt Au. Samples collected across this shear assayed >1.0 opt (Steve Gyorvary, personal communication, 2010). The property was examined by U.S. Borax who determined the structure to be mineralized over >100 feet of width. This structure, because of potential size and assays, should be thoroughly investigated and likely represents a significant gold deposit. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4ejVNy8-yAHtDpZTJ3ii29jSL2CJjCXPtXhBK2isOdDjnWHysIMiGC4OBXxEomGCrG1Mf6nywZmbayfNIIquwEbWCz7gPzzggIgBCI8CmJGvqUnjba-slujjLvj_j5Tmt4kYEJxoWKPli/s1600/Gold+from+Douglas+Creek+district+%2528Gemhunter.webs.com%2529.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="background-color: black; color: black;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4ejVNy8-yAHtDpZTJ3ii29jSL2CJjCXPtXhBK2isOdDjnWHysIMiGC4OBXxEomGCrG1Mf6nywZmbayfNIIquwEbWCz7gPzzggIgBCI8CmJGvqUnjba-slujjLvj_j5Tmt4kYEJxoWKPli/s400/Gold+from+Douglas+Creek+district+%2528Gemhunter.webs.com%2529.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black;">Black sand concentrates from panning</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>7605 Incline</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (<i>S/2 section 7, T28N, R98W</i>). An incline was sunk approximately 100 feet deep on an N36</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">E-trending, 42</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><sup>o</sup></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">NW-dipping shear in metagreywacke. The iron-stained shear is approximately 10-feet wide and has scattered quartz boudins and pods. One grab sample of quartz from the mine dump assayed 0.05 opt Ag with no gold. See Hausel (1991a) for location of this deposit.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>SE section 9, T28N, R98W</b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">. Two narrow, parallel quartz veins carry considerable arsenopyrite and scorodite. Samples collected from the veins assayed 0.26% and 0.28% Cu, a trace to 0.13 opt Au, and 0.77 to 4.2 opt Ag (Hausel, 1991a). The gold and silver values suggest that this deposit should be examined in greater detail although the veins at the surface appear to be very narrow and quite limited.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (</span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Gold-Prospectors-Geologists-Wyoming-Regions/dp/1463692625/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1434389575&sr=1-3&refinements=p_27%3AW.+Dan+Hausel" style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Hausel and Hausel, 2011</span></a><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">)</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZKKA6Ogpg2KSY8sDpP17C5DN90W_HpUqgHNshIHSfetYDs1QmErsott6xz5E9OXWsoEqAi0zMtK2FIV5EfsO8U9-qqKzqEZRQ8NcaxthhKMBEYVHIhypiegbAJ36eaTBoab_nwiFcw0e/s1600/Nugget+from+SP.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="background-color: black; color: black;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZKKA6Ogpg2KSY8sDpP17C5DN90W_HpUqgHNshIHSfetYDs1QmErsott6xz5E9OXWsoEqAi0zMtK2FIV5EfsO8U9-qqKzqEZRQ8NcaxthhKMBEYVHIhypiegbAJ36eaTBoab_nwiFcw0e/s1600/Nugget+from+SP.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: black;">Another rock creek nugget</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">A couple of my publications on South Pass are available as PDFs. You can download them by clicking on the following links:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.wsgs.wyo.gov/public-info/onlinepubs/docs/RI-44.pdf">Hausel, 1991</a></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcI3fH9juglptK6c4GtsU3hv5rYB7Hx3KxEbIraHc7IZG0v1B8k-c_FHbfxd5N2HJKyDFNzR2qzf8ZhANctNwJhWnxMTSb9UG3et6837aBxlIz5jY753CmevznJli31edouW-SdfxJDw43/s1600/placer+gold+from+Oregon+Buttes.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcI3fH9juglptK6c4GtsU3hv5rYB7Hx3KxEbIraHc7IZG0v1B8k-c_FHbfxd5N2HJKyDFNzR2qzf8ZhANctNwJhWnxMTSb9UG3et6837aBxlIz5jY753CmevznJli31edouW-SdfxJDw43/s400/placer+gold+from+Oregon+Buttes.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gold from Dickie Springs (photo courtesy of Dr. Dave Love)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.wsgs.wyo.gov/public-info/onlinepubs/docs/R-49.pdf">Hausel and Love, 1992</a></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTthoEErVoxo2oF4HM3kbXvXjy8rXT3temE0BZS9SupuGgK_PA4gj0gJnePVKK0IX2hQIItuiA1_Dr_rsStB1-WCbjgTXE5XyHQ93Y1Z4UU8QcEXya7bOji9jqLZ5NuCoMqUCHbjdWWfE3/s1600/Author+and+Geologist+Dan+Hausel+at+the+Resolution+mine%252C+Superior%252C+Arizona+%2528gemhunter.webs.com%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTthoEErVoxo2oF4HM3kbXvXjy8rXT3temE0BZS9SupuGgK_PA4gj0gJnePVKK0IX2hQIItuiA1_Dr_rsStB1-WCbjgTXE5XyHQ93Y1Z4UU8QcEXya7bOji9jqLZ5NuCoMqUCHbjdWWfE3/s640/Author+and+Geologist+Dan+Hausel+at+the+Resolution+mine%252C+Superior%252C+Arizona+%2528gemhunter.webs.com%2529.JPG" width="473" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Recent photo of the author still looking for gold and base metals. Photo taken at the<br />
<a href="http://az-gold.blogspot.com/">Resolution mine, Arizona</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Gem Hunterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140441375536836992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2224480899864264988.post-1710191902077607172014-09-05T08:39:00.032-07:002022-02-20T22:00:44.677-08:00Wyoming's Gold Districts<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3UImRYSxrXk_wtiHwkQtQOTk2VjjJLcxumDWgOPWnYHM83fM8ObWnshNvnJ7n50e2fWWFcqY3Cxfxih7TROyOp2QO2JNcYSAmuPDA-UzfFf8bb6ldbdNvNXWNpvFXOB_3mwvWyE1lWNQ/s1600/GOLD+-+Field+Guide+(gemhunter.webs.com).jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3UImRYSxrXk_wtiHwkQtQOTk2VjjJLcxumDWgOPWnYHM83fM8ObWnshNvnJ7n50e2fWWFcqY3Cxfxih7TROyOp2QO2JNcYSAmuPDA-UzfFf8bb6ldbdNvNXWNpvFXOB_3mwvWyE1lWNQ/s1600/GOLD+-+Field+Guide+(gemhunter.webs.com).jpg" width="224" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Gold-Prospectors-Geologists-Wyoming-Regions/dp/1463692625/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1423589751&sr=1-3">Gold</a></b> is now available at Amazon.</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><i><span style="color: #ffa400; font-size: x-small;">Revised 2/19/2022</span></i></b>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Over three decades of research and exploration from 1977 to 2007, hundreds of gold anomalies and a previously unrecognized gold district were identified in Wyoming. Essentially, all of this information is discussed and described in a 365-page book entitled, <b><i>Gold: Field Guide for Prospectors & Geologists (Wyoming & Adjacent Areas)</i></b> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AW.%20Dan%20Hausel">available at Amazon</a>. The book is rated 5 stars and will tell you about the geology and mining history of hundreds of gold prospects, mines and anomalies.</span><br />
<span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>GOLD PRODUCTION IN WYOMING</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Available production records for metals for Wyoming are far from accurate. In the past, few records were archived and production from the Wyoming
territory was often incorporated into totals of neighboring
territories, states and mining districts. However,
based on the scattered reports, it appears that sufficient quantities of metals
were recovered from Wyoming during past years to warrant further exploration in the State (Table 1). In fact, geological evidence for major gold and base metal deposits suggest there are likely several undiscovered and/or undeveloped deposits in Wyoming.</span></div>
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<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Gold </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">(oz)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Silver </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">(oz)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Platinum</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">(oz)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Palladium </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"> (oz)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Lead </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">(lbs)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</td>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Copper (lbs)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Iron </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">tons)</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><b>385,000<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><b>157,000<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><b>900<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><b>16,900<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><b>29,000<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><b>63,850,000<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 4pt; width: 62.25pt;" valign="top" width="83"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><b>135,000,000<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><i><b>Table 1. Historic production of
selected metals for Wyoming (from Hausel, 1989a)</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-ru9UJ0JOeObm0Utm3RRdsmqdozU-o2iI41GU0U4fPwZLwydB-RgDIEsMz2QtUhgUh3rl9dSEAUwyKpbE7suRUYf7otcqFmLhI7ePBZz1re7nfvsLitjfQSz05_A2jqBNc02jqrAefqtZaIYlkt187sKtOyYgn-Ni7K8ilH4796pJ7QmjvMup19ZIyg=s685" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="459" data-original-width="685" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-ru9UJ0JOeObm0Utm3RRdsmqdozU-o2iI41GU0U4fPwZLwydB-RgDIEsMz2QtUhgUh3rl9dSEAUwyKpbE7suRUYf7otcqFmLhI7ePBZz1re7nfvsLitjfQSz05_A2jqBNc02jqrAefqtZaIYlkt187sKtOyYgn-Ni7K8ilH4796pJ7QmjvMup19ZIyg=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>A 7.5-ounce nugget found by a metal detectorist at South Pass</i></td></tr></tbody></table>Based on the reported production for Wyoming, compared to the surrounding regions (Colorado, Utah, Idaho, South Dakota, Montana) it is apparent that Wyoming has greatly underproduced compared to the adjacent states suggesting that some major gold deposits remain to be found (Hausel and Hausel, 2011). Metal deposits are scattered
throughout the stratigraphic record in Wyoming; however, the greatest
concentrations are found in rocks of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian">Precambrian</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary">Tertiary</a> age. The very ancient Archean (>2.5 Ga = more than 2.5 years old) rocks have a number of
significant metal and semi-precious stone deposits and anomalies. These rocks are folded
and metamorphosed sedimentary, volcanic, and <a href="http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/volcanic-vs-plutonic-igneous-rocks-definition-and-differences.html">plutonic</a> rocks exposed in the core of mountain ranges. Keep in mind that <i>folds are very important</i> in focusing gold deposits in places like <a href="http://southpassgreenstone.blogspot.com/">South Pass</a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Archean rocks of interest include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_zone">sheared</a> rock, quartz <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vein_%28geology%29">veins</a>, along with nearby <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_iron_formation">banded iron formation</a>, massive hematite, localized veinlet and disseminated
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheelite">scheelite</a>, vein nephrite (<a href="http://dansjade.blogspot.com/">jade</a>), ruby and sapphire schist, podiform and
veinlet chromite, metagraywacke and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibolite">amphibolite</a>. Granitic rocks
include copper deposits, some rare earth deposits (REE), tantalite, and beryl pegmatites. Rare aquamarine beryl and green tourmaline
have been reported in some pegmatites. In addition, some of the largest colored <a href="http://wygem.blogspot.com/">gemstone deposits</a> in the world were discovered in metapelite near the Elmers Rock Greenstone belt. These deposits are mostly <a href="http://iolite-wyoming.blogspot.com/">iolite</a> (some gems my thousands of carats in weight) found in quartzofeldspathic gneiss adjacent to sillimanite gneiss, kyanite schist and <a href="http://wyruby.blogspot.com/">ruby- and sapphire</a>-vermiculite schist.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ2aKG3clyV0_uwkTWey1C4OUS2g3QbdelsX5DSmG1PXcHOoKS-a9UcmIKs5Hq6HLey7mwdVJnK53J8X4WyXMb8CaO5GkgXZKLLS3Hy4TE9cALZJwfIClyQ0JtV8-Lw3rs1jvO3gRJKJhe/s1600/MineralizedTerrains%5B1%5D.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ2aKG3clyV0_uwkTWey1C4OUS2g3QbdelsX5DSmG1PXcHOoKS-a9UcmIKs5Hq6HLey7mwdVJnK53J8X4WyXMb8CaO5GkgXZKLLS3Hy4TE9cALZJwfIClyQ0JtV8-Lw3rs1jvO3gRJKJhe/s1600/MineralizedTerrains%5B1%5D.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Mineralized terranes and districts in Wyoming (after Hausel, 1997).</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In southeastern Wyoming, thick
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> (<2.5 Ga) metasedimentary rock successions crop out as
miogeosynclinal wedges unconformably lying on top of the Archean basement. These include quartzite-hosted Cu-Ag-Au (copper-silver-gold) deposits, Au-Ag veins, and radioactive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witwatersrand_Basin">Witwatersrand-type</a> metaconglomerates (metamorphosed conglomerates) with isolated Au anomalies and a few <a href="http://diamond1872.blogspot.com/">diamonds</a>. This miogeoclinal
terrane is separated from a predominantly metavolcanic terrane to
the south by a major Precambrian suture, or shear zone, known as the Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear zone. The suture includes scattered Cu-Au-Ag and
some Pt-Pd (platinum-palladium) bearing cataclastics. In fact, the first deposit commercially mined for palladium and platinum (with value-added copper, gold and silver) in north America was the New Rambler mine in the Medicine Bow Mountains. This <a href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1968/0607/report.pdf">mine</a> was located along a shear zone at the edge of a layered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layered_intrusion">mafic complex</a> suggesting there is likely a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulate_rock">cumulate</a> (lode) source for the platinum and palladium along with vanadium, titanium and chromium in this area in what is known as the Mullen Creek and <a href="http://www.mindat.org/loc-172678.html">Lake Owen</a> layered mafic complexes. But these areas were strategically withdrawn by the US Forest Service.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqo0Xb1lqofn-DapgOYbS8FWPs_gmrKSjfSXtfTol_JPLsMAEkhvw-ULUZQgld0jc0q8Gt84PpfTmDJzoRJQht7dkIA4S0UWDMFTzO1XaCtVgiue45AF7Ffh63-sWDkvS3ZJBf8eojQvnL/s1600/Placer+gold,+Douglas+Creek,+Wyoming+(Gemhunter.webs.com).JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqo0Xb1lqofn-DapgOYbS8FWPs_gmrKSjfSXtfTol_JPLsMAEkhvw-ULUZQgld0jc0q8Gt84PpfTmDJzoRJQht7dkIA4S0UWDMFTzO1XaCtVgiue45AF7Ffh63-sWDkvS3ZJBf8eojQvnL/s1600/Placer+gold,+Douglas+Creek,+Wyoming+(Gemhunter.webs.com).JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Gold in black sands from Douglas Creek placer district, Medicine Bow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Mountains, Wyoming.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">South of the suture, a Proterozoic
metavolcanic terrane (1.8 to 1.6 billion years old) includes volcanogenic (derived from volcanic activity) Zn-Cu-Ag (zinc-copper-silver) massive
sulfide deposits similar to the massive sulfides at the <a href="http://vultureaz.blogspot.com/">United Verde Mine in Jerome</a>, at least one Cu-Au porphyry, and two large layered mafic
complexes (1.8 billion years old). The northern edge of one of these intrusives yielded some
Pt and Pd with Cu, Au, and Ag at the beginning of the 20th century. A 350 mi<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">2</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorthosite">anorthosite</a> batholith (1.4-1.5 billion years old) in the
Laramie Mountains has long been considered as a possible source of low-grade
aluminum ore as well as extensive disseminated and massive Ti-Fe-V (titanium-iron-vanadium) deposits. At one point along the margin
of the batholith is a Cu-Au-Ag-W-Mo (copper-gold-silver-tungsten-molybdenum) lode with anomalous nickel (Ni). And in this area may be one the largest colored gemstone deposit found on earth, the Sherman Mountains iolite deposit that was briefly investigated by Wyoming Geological Survey geologist Dan Hausel and suggested it could potentially host more than a trillion carats of iolite gems based on past cordierite resource investigation in 1949. In addition to these gems, large resources of spectrolite (labradorite) are found and some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberlite">kimberlites</a> intrude the anorthosite near Grant Creek suggesting a possibility for diamonds and other gemstones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSsMzl5KGTr-uNx9I4JjPkPsjIFoF6TRwdf8yyq8VC-cE3bWNyKuGAHKluC3Q8qn46VKDYosGE-wOPCMkllxdQ-JrefE1vSrFDvl6Gn8NIos40DVEGSAmMVQnSbsTNJoxgCwGwcny-YN8M/s1600/Gold+nugget+from+Douglas+Creek,+Wyoming+(gemhunter.webs.com).JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSsMzl5KGTr-uNx9I4JjPkPsjIFoF6TRwdf8yyq8VC-cE3bWNyKuGAHKluC3Q8qn46VKDYosGE-wOPCMkllxdQ-JrefE1vSrFDvl6Gn8NIos40DVEGSAmMVQnSbsTNJoxgCwGwcny-YN8M/s1600/Gold+nugget+from+Douglas+Creek,+Wyoming+(gemhunter.webs.com).JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffd966; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;">A close look at this small nugget from Douglas Creek shows it is rounded suggesting that it traveled some district from its source.</span> </i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Mineralizing events for much of the
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanerozoic">Phanerozoic</a> (rocks from about 541 million years old to the present) was not widespread, although there were several spatial events in various parts of the State. Phanerozoic rocks can be separated into the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Within <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> rocks (those deposited 541 to 252 million years ago), Au-REE (gold-<a href="http://www.rareelementresources.com/rare-earth-elements#.VNt7QbDF8tc">rare earth</a> elements) anomalies are described in Cambrian conglomerates, diamonds are found in some Cambrian- and Devonian-age kimberlites at Iron Mountain in the Laramie Range and in the Colorado-Wyoming State Line district south of Laramie. Another diamond-bearing kimberlite was described at <a href="http://montana-gold.blogspot.com/2013/08/diamonds-in-montana.html">Grassrange</a>, Montana (Tertiary age) and possibly in one of the kimberlites in Riley County Kansas (Cretaceous age). These are surrounded by hundreds of <a href="http://discussionsondiamonds.blogspot.com/">cryptovolcanic structures</a> of unknown origin that need to be prospected. While consulting for Echo Bay, Dan Hausel highly recommended the company consider the Grassrange intrusives as diamond prospects prior to discovery of diamonds at the Homestead kimberlite at Grassrange.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8d0zRtv3IpjxmORRGql3qHid8j5I5QM5NiYZ967qlCxQrxB4AgKdeHlGqMjCq11pGpFZnCCl2vLKaY83FjqEKS30KadzZNvhmWBp81mYCtaEDSDtE4rOTYd3uhf0T-jWeF6LE5Tc-5mx-/s1600/The+original+Jurassic+Big+Mac+(Sketch%2Bby%2BDan%2BHausel)(GemHunter.webs.com).JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8d0zRtv3IpjxmORRGql3qHid8j5I5QM5NiYZ967qlCxQrxB4AgKdeHlGqMjCq11pGpFZnCCl2vLKaY83FjqEKS30KadzZNvhmWBp81mYCtaEDSDtE4rOTYd3uhf0T-jWeF6LE5Tc-5mx-/s1600/The+original+Jurassic+Big+Mac+(Sketch%2Bby%2BDan%2BHausel)(GemHunter.webs.com).JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Early Jurassic prospectors searching for gold (colored pencil <br />sketch by the author). Original sketch donated to the <br />University of Wyoming Geology Museum.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">There are several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)">Pennsylvanian and Mississippian</a> Cu-Ag and Mn (manganese) carbonate-hosted occurrences in Wyoming that appear to have limited extent. Permian phosphatic shales and black shales are reported to contain a
number of unusual metal anomalies in western Wyoming. Ag-Cu-Zn (silver-copper-zinc) stratabound
deposits are found in bleached <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic">Jurassic</a> redbeds in western Wyoming, and the
broad Wyoming basins include some enigmatic gold occurrences and anomalies that
can only partially be explained by detrital transport in fluvial systems. Rocks of Late Cretaceous age along the flanks
of some uplifts have scattered black titaniferous sandstone deposits that represent ancient beach deposits. These include detrital heavy minerals with anomalous Ti (titanium),
Zr (zirconium), REE (rare earth elements), and in some cases Au (gold). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsExEeYU7Kcxmffzgy5xwbh-xlAsaix3r97h-1x7APYMyWrWOp5zsj6zdvKGKhY4SH8CkH7UBJqVhHIr9LPwTgN2Jaql81pdNA9bqbHhTf_pe3cAN3JmPBiTY45HznXpr03IpqrYx291eN/s1600/004.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsExEeYU7Kcxmffzgy5xwbh-xlAsaix3r97h-1x7APYMyWrWOp5zsj6zdvKGKhY4SH8CkH7UBJqVhHIr9LPwTgN2Jaql81pdNA9bqbHhTf_pe3cAN3JmPBiTY45HznXpr03IpqrYx291eN/w400-h300/004.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">F<i>olded schist in the Medicine Bow Mountains of Wyoming.<br />
Note that these rocks provide evidence of two episodes of<br />
folding. The primary folds are isoclinal folds in that the fold<br />
limbs are parallel and indicated intense folding.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary">Tertiary</a> rocks host important
ore deposits, occurrences, and anomalies. These also provide examples of extreme global warming with widespread swamps depositing giant resources of coal, particularly in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_River_Basin">Powder River Basin</a>. It is interesting this (and many other climate change events) was a natural event and like all previous global warming events, the planet naturally recovered. Some events were possibly due to increased volcanism, impacts, mountain building, plate tectonic movements and sunspot activity.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Some of the largest ore deposits and areas of mineralization in the
state are associated with the Cu-Ag porphyries in the Absaroka Mountains of northwestern Wyoming. These are similar to the great <a href="http://az-gold.blogspot.com/">copper-porphyry</a> deposits in Arizona, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Pit">Butte</a> Montana, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_Mine">Santa Rita</a> New Mexico, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingham_Canyon_Mine">Bingham </a>Utah. This deeply incised
volcanic plateau includes several Tertiary age composite stocks with zoned
hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Usually thought of as copper deposits, such porphyries contain significant Cu (copper), Ag (silver), Pb (lead), Zn (zinc), Au (gold), Ti (titanium), Mo (molybdenum) and sometimes REE (rare earth elements). But ALL of these giant deposits were piecemeal withdrawn from exploration and mining by the US Forest Service. To the north of this region, the Crown Butte gold mine in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_Mining_District">New World</a> district, was located on private property but was forced to terminate development during the <a href="http://americanpolicy.org/2002/04/29/one-last-land-grab-before-i-leave-office/">Clinton Administration</a> likely in response to UN agenda 21. There was no evidence that any mining activity would have affected Yellowstone National Park, as the mine was northeast of the park. Yellowstone is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone_Caldera">caldera</a> and provides one of the most caustic environments on the surface of the earth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In the Black Hills of northeastern
Wyoming, Au-Th-REE (gold-thorium-rare earth elements) mineralization and large fluorite deposits are associated with Tertiary alkalic
intrusives. In addition, some Pb-Zn-Ag replacement mineralization and Sn (tin) pegmatites are found in this region. Significant gold and silver, in particular, we detected by Hausel (1997) at Mineral Hill in this area. The <a href="http://rshgold.blogspot.com/">Rattlesnake Hills</a> in central Wyoming were intruded by similar Tertiary
igneous rocks that intrude an Archean greenstone belt, implying this terrain to have the high potential for gold deposits similar to Cripple Creek. Gold was discovered in this area in 1981 by the author. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BlaKhuX1tWk9oD8DxS10xogZwBtU4wwKEQQM_wKY-tyCgc2e6Ey15TmJAUBLwcYFBZjgo25O48dPt5cHK65eDPmYvIYpOsh-9r5rF37OcODmyOim2DfDm_uuqJGrE-ZZMBHNAFbI4Duf/s1600/Fold+in+metabasalt+in+the+South+Pass+greenstone+belt,+Wyoming+(GemHunter.webs.com).jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BlaKhuX1tWk9oD8DxS10xogZwBtU4wwKEQQM_wKY-tyCgc2e6Ey15TmJAUBLwcYFBZjgo25O48dPt5cHK65eDPmYvIYpOsh-9r5rF37OcODmyOim2DfDm_uuqJGrE-ZZMBHNAFbI4Duf/w400-h270/Fold+in+metabasalt+in+the+South+Pass+greenstone+belt,+Wyoming+(GemHunter.webs.com).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Isoclinally folded metagabbro at the Duncan gold mine,<br />
South Pass. Some of these folds in shear zones likely<br />
control ore shoots as the plunge into the earth to unknown<br />
depths to form saddle reef-type gold deposits. </i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Tertiary of Wyoming was not only
a time of volcanism, but was also an important time of <a href="http://www.northernminer.com/news/geology-101--paleoplacer-gold-deposits-pt-1/1000147862/?&er=NA">paleoplacer</a>
development. Paleoplacers are nothing more than fossilized placers where stream and river sediments were deposited in the geological past. In many cases, the original source rock for the sediments was removed over time leaving a paleoplacer high and dry with no obvious source. Most of these deposits were buried under thick overburden that sufficiently compressed and solidified the otherwise detrital sediments to produce hard rock. These hard rocks contain valuable gold (about 50% of the gold mined in the world was from paleoplacers in the Witwatersrand of South Africa), uranium and some diamonds. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZutmcehmgVG6ejk_6EBXqc4uNo5YhBI_xHutXvkJZxzx4togquaroOAYMLPfCNQGdR41XFaARZmviHkTTMeD85hZz2CUh8PayGY0M-1qGnnNEDo3nz1IewLsUv7zhLEjowMWxVMZE-LVm/s1600/Conglomerate+(2).JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZutmcehmgVG6ejk_6EBXqc4uNo5YhBI_xHutXvkJZxzx4togquaroOAYMLPfCNQGdR41XFaARZmviHkTTMeD85hZz2CUh8PayGY0M-1qGnnNEDo3nz1IewLsUv7zhLEjowMWxVMZE-LVm/w400-h329/Conglomerate+(2).JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Consolidated gold-bearing paleoplacer with distinct, rounded<br />
stream worn pebbles in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonite">limonite</a>-stained sandstone matrix.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramide_orogeny">Laramide</a> uplifts were
nearly leveled by erosion over time, which resulted in deposition of large volumes of fluvial
conglomerate and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_%28geology%29">fanglomerate</a> along the flanks of the uplifts. Where these conglomerates were eroded from
mineralized terranes such as greenstone belts, they often contained gold. Today most commercial placers worldwide are mined for gold, although some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiterite">cassiterite</a>, native platinum, scheelite,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monazite">monazite</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond">diamond</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromite">chromite</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalite">tantalite</a> and various gemstones may be recovered with the gold.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: orange; font-family: Geneva;">VERY OLD MINERAL DEPOSITS (Archean)</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The ancient geology of Wyoming is often compared to some of the richest precious metal regions of the world
including South Africa, Western Australia, and the Superior Province of
Canada. These areas are underlain by
ancient Archean <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craton">cratons</a> with some of the oldest rocks on the surface of the
earth. But unlike these other cratons,
the Wyoming craton (termed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming_Craton">Wyoming Province</a>) has been greatly modified by
Laramide tectonics, which thrust slices of the ancient craton through much younger Phanerozoic
sedimentary rocks to the earth's surface. Due to the
unfortunate nature of the Laramide tectonics, vast regions of the Wyoming
craton remain at the bottom of the Tertiary basins unavailable for direct
observation, but the exposed slices in the mountain cores contain some of the
best exposures of Archean rock in the world. And the fact that these regions have been affected by early ductile deformation and metamorphism during the Archean (2.8 Ga), later hydrothermal alteration during the late Archean (2.6 Ga), and another thermal event during the Proterozoic (2.2 Ga), and additional deformation (brittle) during the Laramie orogeny there should be plenty of structures in the greenstone belt to trap any gold that was mobilized. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR4Orpyh_N48SldOjjDACB8MChhsdusgXg6TR01WVeEMhPzN10fRHPwMCOjAXbnPI8mGxyzVXVAW_EyQL4NQvKx7rmOloyaTfrdMZDqpz71nZ0j4LRP-Nfm_lvA3wIs_V8x40kurmM4zTK/s1600/stretched+pebble+conglomerate.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR4Orpyh_N48SldOjjDACB8MChhsdusgXg6TR01WVeEMhPzN10fRHPwMCOjAXbnPI8mGxyzVXVAW_EyQL4NQvKx7rmOloyaTfrdMZDqpz71nZ0j4LRP-Nfm_lvA3wIs_V8x40kurmM4zTK/w400-h300/stretched+pebble+conglomerate.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Stretched pebble conglomerate from the Medicine Bow <br />
Mountains Wyoming showing white, lens-shaped quartz<br />
pebbles compressed by more than 2 billion years of deep<br />
burial under thick overburden.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Wyoming Province is not confined
to the State of Wyoming, but extends into northern Utah, extreme northeastern
Nevada, the eastern edge of Idaho, portions of Montana, and the northwestern
corner of South Dakota. And
according to Condie (1976), the Wyoming craton may have once been connected to
the Superior Province (crayon) of Canada. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Similar to other cratons of the
world, the Wyoming craton is also highly mineralized. Mineral resources include those of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillwater_igneous_complex">Stillwater</a> complex (platinum, palladium, chromium) in Montana, the Jardine gold district in Montana, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestake_Mine_%28South_Dakota%29">Homestake</a> gold mine in South Dakota, the South Pass gold and iron ore district, the Seminoe Mountains gold and iron district, the Rattlesnake Hills gold district, the Hartville iron district, and the central Laramie Range gemstone district in Wyoming. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Wyoming Province is formed of a
vast region of high-grade gneiss and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migmatite">migmatite</a> intruded by granite and
granodiorite <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton">plutons</a> with scattered blocks, fragments, and belts of
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supracrustal_rock">supracrustal</a> terrains that include greenstone belts, <a href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-eugeocline.html">eugeoclinal</a> successions,
layered mafic complexes, and high-grade metamorphosed supracrustal belts. Mineral occurrences in the granite-gneiss
terrane are uncommon, but the supracrustal belts have hundreds of gold, base
metal, and related mineral deposits and prospects. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf45OpuAZRRQ4M6atmAmvZuzKAROaUz-cSCv00jUUbKy9Ldro93E95kNqIRcJ_0_1UzwH5FOsgjxnaX-yqVPwsGAej1sW6UEfjZyUxzSpy-Lc2d4_DueXwjFrHPE1sXVCynp4mXW7bs4jK/s1600/Wyoming+Craton.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf45OpuAZRRQ4M6atmAmvZuzKAROaUz-cSCv00jUUbKy9Ldro93E95kNqIRcJ_0_1UzwH5FOsgjxnaX-yqVPwsGAej1sW6UEfjZyUxzSpy-Lc2d4_DueXwjFrHPE1sXVCynp4mXW7bs4jK/s1600/Wyoming+Craton.jpg" width="340" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: orange;">Greenstone Belts</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Robert Houston (1983) noted that the Wyoming Province
contained supracrustal successions (layered metamorphic rock) of low-rank metamorphosed rock in the
southern part of the craton (South Pass, Rattlesnake Hills, Elmers Rock and Seminoe Mountains) that exhibited similarities to greenstone belts
in other cratons of the world. However,
in the northern region of the craton, the rank of the supracrustal belts
generally increases, and the belts are lithologically distinct in that they
are formed of intercalated amphibolite and gneiss with subordinate successions of meta-sedimentary rocks that include quartzite, metapelite, BIF (banded iron
formation), amphibolite, and minor metacarbonate. Exceptions occur, such as the Jardine belt of
the Snowy Range block of the Beartooth Mountains in the northern portion of the
Wyoming craton, which was reported by Thurston (1986) to exhibit similarities
to the South Pass greenstone belt in the Wind River Mountains in the south. But it was Houston's contention, that the
greenstone belts represented the greatest potential for mineralization
compared to any other part of the Province. These belts host several known gold deposits.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In general, the Wyoming greenstone
belts form tripartite successions of low-rank metamorphosed (upper <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenschist">greenschist</a>
to middle <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibolite">amphibolite</a> facies) sedimentary, volcanic, and plutonic rock, folded
into a regional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncline">synclinorium</a>. Bedding
and most structural features (i.e., <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliation_%28geology%29">foliation</a>, isoclinal <a href="http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/geological-folds-definition-causes-types.html">fold</a> axes, gold-bearing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_zone">shear zones</a>) parallel the axis of the synclinorium. Although amphibolite facies metamorphism presides in these terranes, the overall metamorphism is relatively low resulting in the preservation of some primary
textures. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_lava">Pillow</a> structures, and
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyritic">porphyritic</a>, <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/2IgneousRocks/IgneousTextures/7VesicularAmygdaloidal.html">amygdaloidal</a>, <a href="http://geology.about.com/od/more_igrocks/ig/igroxtextures/spinifextexture.htm">spinifex</a>, and cumulus textures are preserved in some
igneous rocks. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graded_bedding">Graded bedding</a>, quartz
pebbles, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-bedding">cross</a>-bedding, and cut and fill channels occur in some metasedimentary
rocks. </span><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The lower portions of the greenstone belts are
formed of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramafic_rock">ultramafic</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafic">mafic</a> metavolcanics that may include hornblende amphibolite (orthoamphibolite), serpentinite, tremolite-talc-chlorite schist and metabasalt. These
rocks have compositions that suggest they represent the metamorphosed remains of high-magnesian basalts and tuffs, and komatiitic basalts and peridotites. The majority of these rocks have high in magnesium and low in silica suggesting that the erupted directly from the earths upper mantle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6eVzTDjHK9iQvdBXuUrkWxcH6e2SqGuArWkYpT-FnAjD5LfYglU1t9hUbNrAI_F0pGhR6zIm9QrNH6lqCc2NSp4g_Yw7QZ1lGHqz9QBifypGTKjDssNZKUq0aqf3zzEUo6aKoRVtY3Y8K/s1600/pillow+basalt.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6eVzTDjHK9iQvdBXuUrkWxcH6e2SqGuArWkYpT-FnAjD5LfYglU1t9hUbNrAI_F0pGhR6zIm9QrNH6lqCc2NSp4g_Yw7QZ1lGHqz9QBifypGTKjDssNZKUq0aqf3zzEUo6aKoRVtY3Y8K/s1600/pillow+basalt.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Pillow basalts (basalts deposited in water).</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The character of the greenstone
successions changed through time, and
the underlying successions were replaced by more calcium and iron rich <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calc-alkaline_magma_series">calc-alkaline</a> metavolcanics
(meta-andesite, metadacite, felsic schist), high-iron tholeiitic basalts
(amphibolite, greenstone, and metabasalt), and metakomatiite (actinolite
schist, hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite, tremolite-talc-chlorite schist, and
minor serpentinite). Metasedimentary
rocks are prominent in the upper succession and include metagreywacke, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_iron_formation">BIF</a>,
with lesser quartzite, graphitic schist, metaconglomerate, and metapelite. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlKNVrJOVbsphBhiyw8tUIgFkV6k8GBBgcEFivKq9vHvKse1r6HmCs9rgP3y09U5RjJgs0Tj6ZI6dGMAZUMNcUDIu_Ja91bnRHugKvrjn2EKA1mXbcgGJ0f5B3pFqhjnEGBxKRRiIxtiMP/s1600/Komatiite,+Hannas+Lake+Serpentinites,+Australia.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlKNVrJOVbsphBhiyw8tUIgFkV6k8GBBgcEFivKq9vHvKse1r6HmCs9rgP3y09U5RjJgs0Tj6ZI6dGMAZUMNcUDIu_Ja91bnRHugKvrjn2EKA1mXbcgGJ0f5B3pFqhjnEGBxKRRiIxtiMP/s1600/Komatiite,+Hannas+Lake+Serpentinites,+Australia.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Spinifex textured komatiite from the Hannas Lake<br />
Serpentinite, Australia.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Some greenstone belts and
fragments are recognized in Wyoming and include South Pass in the Wind River
Mountains, Barlow Gap and <a href="http://tinkup.blogspot.com/">Tin Cup</a> in the Granite Mountains, the Seminoe
Mountains, Casper Mountain, Sellers Mountain, Esterbrook, and Elmers Rock in
the Laramie Range, as well as other fragments in the Laramie, Medicine Bow, and
Sierra Madre ranges (Condie, 1967; Houston, 1983). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><b><span style="color: #ffa400;">South Pass greenstone belt & mining districts</span></b><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The South <span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Pass greenstone belt in the
southern Wind River Mountains encloses the </span><i style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><b><a href="http://www.mindat.org/loc-7185.html">Anderson Ridge </a>pegmatites</b></i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">, the </span><i style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><b><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=south+pass-atlantic+city+wyoming&espv=2&biw=1548&bih=810&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=i3HjVOKALoKzggTwmYS4Dw&ved=0CC4QsAQ&dpr=1#imgdii=_">South Pass-Atlantic City</a> district</b></i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">, the </span><i style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%27s_Delight,_Wyoming">Miners Delight</a> district</b></i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">, the </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><i>Lewiston district </i></b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">and the </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><i>Crows Nest</i></b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">. The northern edge of the greenstone belt is overlain by placers and Tertiary paleoplacers of <b><i><a href="http://goldhunter.webs.com/southpasswy.htm">McGraw</a> Flats-Twin Creek</i></b> and the southern margin of the greenstone belt projects under younger sedimentary cover and also under the <b><i>Dickie Springs-Oregon Buttes</i></b> placers and paleoplacers. Much of this gold area was incorporated into the <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sweetwater+mining+district,+Wyoming+images&espv=2&biw=1548&bih=810&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=UXXjVJefDMqyggToh4OwBw&ved=0CB0QsAQ">Sweetwater Mining district</a> in the 19th century.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The greenstone belt crops out over an area of roughly 250 square miles</span><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, and a large portion of the belt continues under a thin (<1 foot to > 2,000 feet thick) blanket
of Tertiary arkosic sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate. The extension of the greenstone belt as far south as to the base of Oregon Buttes was confirmed by both drilling and aerial geophysics by Hecla Mining in the 1980s. During the past, this region received only minor exploration interest for lode, paleoplacer, and placer
gold, yet the region offers the greatest potential of all of the
greenstone belts in the Wyoming craton for discovery of significant
mineralization. Precious and base metal
deposits in the belt include auriferous
shear zones and veins, associated Tertiary paleoplacers and modern placers, restricted Ag-
and Au-bearing cupriferous veins, and cupriferous stockworks. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfiaG9pRUkRCU69xmRV80qpaQkyk256STV-24x3PinjLI2iANV-lA50Up4cp7PUZoDWp5gy1_8lXxXZgxCP7CMZePJIxhyphenhyphen66trwHZjh5Vzyduz3HATr0OJCXU8udWvyj7RB8py6UW136gK/s1600/South+Pass.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfiaG9pRUkRCU69xmRV80qpaQkyk256STV-24x3PinjLI2iANV-lA50Up4cp7PUZoDWp5gy1_8lXxXZgxCP7CMZePJIxhyphenhyphen66trwHZjh5Vzyduz3HATr0OJCXU8udWvyj7RB8py6UW136gK/s1600/South+Pass.jpg" width="388" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>The South Pass greenstone belt (after Hausel, 1991).</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Shear zones in the greenstone belt
are mostly narrow, foliation-parallel, cataclastic zones, that exhibit both brittle
and ductile deformation and have strike lengths of dozens of feet to more than
11,000 feet (Hausel and Hull, 1990).
Widths are typically between 2 to 15 feet, although greater widths occur
at several mines. For the most part,
these structures are weakly mineralized along much of their trend with
localized ore shoots that may plunge to depths of more than a thousand feet. The shoots occur
at pinches, swells, fold closures, attitude changes, and at intersections of
structures. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Historic reports indicate the gold tenor
of the ore shoots ranged from a trace to as much as 3,100 opt Au. Average mine grades varied from 2.06 ppm
(0.06 opt) to 68.6 ppm (2.0 opt) Au with minor silver (Hausel, 1989a). The
continuation of these structures downdip has not been fully tested since the
deepest gold mine is only 400 feet deep, and drilling penetrated the
mineralized structures to depths of only 930 feet below the surface (deQuadros,
1989). It is likely that these shoots continue to the base of the greenstone belt (a few thousand feet or more?).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Many of the shears and veins are
localized in metagreywacke and hornblendic amphibolite with fewer in graphitic
schist, meta-andesite, greenstone, greenschist, metatonalite, and
tremolite/actinolite schist. A large
proportion of these gold-bearing structures are found along or adjacent to lithologic contacts of
rocks with contrasting competency (Bayley, 1968; Hausel, 1987), such as the metamorphosed graywackes and graphitic schist as opposed to the more competent metamorphosed gabbros (metagabbros) and basalts (amphibolites). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The source of the gold found in the shear zones was suggested by Bow (1986) to have been rocks of komatiite affinity. But
recent stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies by Spry and McGowan (1989)
are redolent of a greywacke source. Hausel (1991), however, was impressed by the ubiquitous occurrence of
structurally controlled gold anomalies throughout the greenstone belt
independent of rock type and proposed the gold was derived by metamorphic
secretion during a 2.8 billion year old regional metamorphic event, and the shears served to
focus the auriferous fluids.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />
In addition to narrow mineralized
structures, the possibility exists for
large-tonnage, low-grade, precious metal deposits in this greenstone belt. Four mines suggested as possible large tonnage deposits by Hausel (1991) include the Carissa,
Duncan, Lone Pine, Wolf, and Tabor Grand. </span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6sg_lLwjO3jydJJKv_0jPsTCQhTfGCRMF-zzt0kio4h6OuDmMUidy_sCYrI93y66zFwpKuCdRnv72-E9rrsQHIhjs417gCowT-dlJ0q-0rGG9KWWvd8KR2pmKgWnup4sD8Jtazp3LFjMw/s1600/Carissa+Shear+zone+-+geologist+for+scale.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6sg_lLwjO3jydJJKv_0jPsTCQhTfGCRMF-zzt0kio4h6OuDmMUidy_sCYrI93y66zFwpKuCdRnv72-E9rrsQHIhjs417gCowT-dlJ0q-0rGG9KWWvd8KR2pmKgWnup4sD8Jtazp3LFjMw/s1600/Carissa+Shear+zone+-+geologist+for+scale.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>The gold-bearing Carissa shear zone hosts a major, unmined gold deposit.</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">At the <a href="http://carissa-au.blogspot.com/">Carissa mine</a> in the South
Pass-Atlantic City district along the northern flank of the greenstone belt,
the principal shear is a narrow 5 to 50 foot wide structure enveloped by a broad, 300 to 1,000 foot zone of weakly mineralized wallrock with rehealed fractures. A 1.5 foot channel sample taken across the
shear assayed 5.2 ppm (0.15 opt) Au (Hausel, 1989a), and Beeler (1908) reported
the average ore ran 10.29 ppm (0.3 opt) Au. Composite chip samples collected in the adjacent wallrock also yielded
anomalous gold over a 97 foot width (Hausel, 1989a). The mineralized structure was appears to have a with of nearly 1000 feet with considerable strike: significant gold was intercepted at depth in the deepest drill holes drilled in the area to a depth of 970 feet. Based on geology, the gold bearing ore shoot is believed to continue to much greater depth (Hausel and Hausel, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjny3RtBa6A_tCNWzYarStYwhFhTA0BtRV-n-bDh9GcJwuh3oT2HBGLpcNJiGCxoCI29fmTZK40TXKT-gR1Z1t9HfPVe46ifxzPIHItgG8oBmZhaJ-L62Oj1UNo9icbNk4DuMmFjLInyeMB/s1600/South+Pass-Atlantic+City+gold+district+map+copy.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjny3RtBa6A_tCNWzYarStYwhFhTA0BtRV-n-bDh9GcJwuh3oT2HBGLpcNJiGCxoCI29fmTZK40TXKT-gR1Z1t9HfPVe46ifxzPIHItgG8oBmZhaJ-L62Oj1UNo9icbNk4DuMmFjLInyeMB/w624-h640/South+Pass-Atlantic+City+gold+district+map+copy.JPG" width="624" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>General location map of the South Pass, Atlantic City, and Miners Delight mining districts <br />showing locations of principal mines, faults and streams (after Hausel, 1991).</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>At the Duncan mine, the
foliation-parallel shear is folded and splayed. The splay has a aggregate width
of more than 40 feet adjacent to the shaft, and is mineralized across its
entire width. But within the fold
closure, the gold values are enhanced, and the nose of the steeply plunging
drag fold averages nearly ten times the amount of gold in the fold limbs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In the Tabor Grand mine, a 1 to 5 foot
wide shear cuts hornblendic amphibolite.
Samples of the shear yielded 0.06 to 58.0 ppm Au (0.002 to 1.87 opt) over a 350 foot
length. During mapping of the
mine, a second shear parallel to the first was discovered 20 feet south of the
primary shear. Two samples taken in this
shear yielded 1.7 and 7.0 ppm Au. Surface mapping extended the length of the shear another 800 feet to the
east where an 8 ft channel sample assayed 3.8 ppm Au (Hausel, 1991).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">At the Lone Pine mine in the
Lewiston district along the southeastern margin of the greenstone belt, a
hidden shear was discovered under a thin veneer of Tertiary
South Pass Formation. The discovery
trench exposed a 17-foot wide shear which yielded gold values of 0.47 to 3.5 ppm. The maximum mineralized width and strike length of this structure
have not been determined. At another
mine in the same district known as the Wolf mine, representative samples
yielded 23.3 ppm (0.68 opt) Au (Hausel, 1989a). This property was later examined by U.S. Borax, and it was determined
the shear was mineralized over a width of more than 100 feet.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">_________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Chip channel and
channel sample analyses in the South Pass greenstone belt (Hausel,1989a).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">_________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">SAMPLE
DESCRIPTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Au
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Ag
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Carissa
Mine<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">(ppm)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">(ppm)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0 to 10
ft north of shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">10 to 20
ft north of shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">1.05<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">20 to 37
ft north of shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2.5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0 to 10
ft south of shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">10 to 20
ft south of shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">20 to 30
ft south of shear <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">30 to 60
ft south of shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">30 ft
composite north of shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2.4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Duncan
Mine<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0 to 2
ft west of fold closure in shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">3.0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2.2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2 ft
channel across fold closure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">33.0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">6.0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0 to 5
ft east of closure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">1.8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">1.8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">5 to 15 ft east of closure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">6.6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2.7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">15 to 25
ft east of closure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.71<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">7.4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">25 to 35
ft east of closure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">1.0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Lone
Pine Mine<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0 to 4
ft (E to W) in shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.47<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2.5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">4 to 7
ft (E to W) in shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">0.69<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">1.9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">7 to 11
ft (E to W) in shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">3.5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 71.9pt;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 0.9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">4.3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 256pt;" valign="top" width="341"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">11 to 17
ft (E to W) in shear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 1in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">1.6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2.9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">_________________________________________________________________________________</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Wolf mine, also located within the Lewiston district, has both good strike length and width. The depth of the structure is unknown, but there is no reason to assume it doesn't continue to a few thousand feet. Recently, <a href="https://visionarygoldcorp.com/projects/project-summary/">Visionary</a> Gold, a Vancouver BC company, began exploring this property at about the same time that the plandemic was perpetuated. They plan to drill and sample this search structure to find out if it has minable gold values and tonnage. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In a recent press <a href="https://stockhouse.com/news/press-releases/2022/02/04/visionary-gold-corp-announces-results-from-first-ever-drill-program-in-lewiston">release</a>, the company</span><span style="font-family: times;"> reports: </span></span><i>"gold mineralized zones were encountered in each of the first five drill holes, confirming continuous gold mineralization over 1,536 feet of the 8,200+ foot long shear zone. Intersecting gold values in each drill-hole of the first-ever drill program in the Lewiston District confirms the existence of a large gold-bearing hydrothermal system, supporting our exploration thesis,” stated CEO Wes Adams. “We know from extensive surface sampling and mapping that higher-grade zones of mineralization exist within the Wolf Shear structure, but more drilling is needed to further define them. Additionally, we plan to drill-test three recently defined parallel mineralized structures that have been identified adjacent to the Wolf Shear Zone, as well as other new targets generated during a busy 2021 field program. Full results from regional exploration and a summary of new drill targets will be forthcoming.” </i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXjSUmbCiqb3C_0Oidud1GWtmVxEbNMMB39Bzzc8UFNU80H25htC-__O_HJcQohREb__oCFy_1270qy3A7muFAMwTuVxD493kSaHu17r-wi94jL_jCw1M4zbGz7azZbcQi2gSqbmNDDiZOMJ-bs_sbH7wKflRkg-W0b4SF84N1GLKoyqjNBFEs1udxww=s1277" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1277" data-original-width="944" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXjSUmbCiqb3C_0Oidud1GWtmVxEbNMMB39Bzzc8UFNU80H25htC-__O_HJcQohREb__oCFy_1270qy3A7muFAMwTuVxD493kSaHu17r-wi94jL_jCw1M4zbGz7azZbcQi2gSqbmNDDiZOMJ-bs_sbH7wKflRkg-W0b4SF84N1GLKoyqjNBFEs1udxww=w474-h640" width="474" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Generalized map of the Lewiston district, South Pass, Wyoming (after<br />Hausel, 1991)</i></td></tr></tbody></table>In addition to the gold-bearing shear zones (lodes),
cupriferous veins with Au and Ag values are found at some locations in the
belt. These veins have little economic
value because of the lack of tonnage. They are seldom greater than 2-feet wide and pinch and swell over short
distances along strike. However, one
Cu-Ag stockwork discovered along the northwestern flank of the belt may be of
interest. The extent of the stockwork is
unknown since it lies under soil in a large aspen grove. Grab samples of the mineralized rock yielded
3.23 % Cu, 3.2 ppm Ag, and 0.16 ppm Au (Hausel, 1991).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The South Pass belt also
has extensive iron deposits in the limbs of the South Pass synclinorium. The BIF along the northern flank of the belt
was structurally thickened fourfold by internal folding and plication and by
repetition along faults. This deposit
was reported by Bayley (1968) to have indicated reserves of 300 million tons of
30% Fe. From 1962 to 1983, U.S. Steel
Corp. mined more than 90 million tons of iron ore from this BIF. Recent mapping by Hausel (1990a), indicates
a sizable resource is available.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The possibility of gold in the iron
formation apparently was not considered during the 20 year operating lifetime
of the mine. However, samples collected
a short distance southwest in the BIF by the Wyoming Geological Survey, yielded
gold anomalies (maximum of 1.3 ppm). Other anomalies were detected in BIF along the southeastern margin of
the greenstone belt. Only a small number
of sulfide-bearing oxide facies BIF were collected by the Survey in the open
pit mine before it was flooded in 1983.
None of the samples contained detectable gold (minimum detection limit
0.02 opt).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">If you would like to make your own gold discovery in this district, there are many opportunities. Connect the dots - i.e., draw lines between a groups of mines and prospects and in-between all of these will be a hidden, gold-bearing shear zone that likely has never been prospected. As an example, use Google Earth to find the Carissa Gold Mine (</span>42°28'29.15"N; 108°47'42.65"W) and then look to the east-north east along a 250o trend (N80oE) and you will see many holes dug in a search for the Carissa Lode. In between all of these prospect pits and mines are places that have not been prospected - anyone of those localities could be hiding an overlooked ore shoot. Remember, the prospectors who searched this area before you, had no magic powers, and they overlooked many things. This is true all throughout the greenstone belt.<br />
<br />
Now examine Willow Creek downstream from the Carissa mine. Only small patches of this gold placer were ever mined for gold such as at the tailings at 42°27'48.64"N; 108°47'9.45"W. This drainage sampled the Carissa lode and other lodes; thus the gravels are likely very rich. Try similar investigations in the Lewiston district. There are reports of several gold nuggets recovered in that area. Search for the shear zones by using published geological maps (Hausel, 1991) and then look anywhere downstream from those shears. Look for drainages with both water and without water as the dry drainages are also likely to have some coarse gold. You are going to have to do some work and research, but there is considerable gold left in the South Pass area.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Some years ago, a local prospector by the name of Gary Nunn, found some small, but very fragile gold nuggets in what is known as the <b>Crows Nest</b> district. This area is mostly underlain by metamorphosed greywackes, but soil and detrital rock hide large areas and there is no question, that this thin blanket covers gold veins - some which are likely to be relatively rich in gold. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjFauT0UcPUjS_mXrotGpIaFxSU1tHvYVnygbXfvi4FSEa1BRjztthoKBB6_vEFhujsaGe9csQJmNCZi2_g6-HJ8hYCr4gBwlI-E7sGtA1S5qoq6NXMhspR_nApVC-kb8Ld9FKBzCq1Icn/s1600/Seminoe+MOuntains+greenstone+belt+map+(GemHunter.webs.com).jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjFauT0UcPUjS_mXrotGpIaFxSU1tHvYVnygbXfvi4FSEa1BRjztthoKBB6_vEFhujsaGe9csQJmNCZi2_g6-HJ8hYCr4gBwlI-E7sGtA1S5qoq6NXMhspR_nApVC-kb8Ld9FKBzCq1Icn/s1600/Seminoe+MOuntains+greenstone+belt+map+(GemHunter.webs.com).jpg" width="367" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Seminoe Mountains greenstone belt includes a distinct, <br />large</span><span> </span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">altered zone surrounding gold-bearing veins at <br />the Penn mines.</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Seminoe
Mountains district</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The <a href="http://seminoe.blogspot.com/">Seminoe Mountains</a> lie in south-central Wyoming.
This belt is <span style="mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">~</span>2.7 Ga (billion years old), whereas South Pass is a minimum of 2.8 Ga. The Seminoe Mountains have similar rock types
as South Pass, but in different proportions (also, it is easy to predict that based on the rocks, considerable greenstone belt rocks lie under the basins to the north and south of Bradley Peak). The relative volume of metagreywacke in the Seminoe
Mountains is less than South Pass, BIF is abundant, and the belt includes a
thick section of aphyric and spinifex-textured basaltic komatiite and cumulate-textured
serpentinite and metaperidotite (Klein, 1981; Snyder and others, 1989). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpUjdTyqF-E8BS67BVx5SmhsG9_bjqPafvny55W6Gl-bB2cNoWg7rYFbdM6MaFLqfNvJL6-q2McoZh73lKgluRl6NzQmGI-EIkw7g-JTLCPSbwSJecLbtPA1zYYH-GmLqRjHOw-ajtAY5x/s1600/Banded+iron+formation,+Seminoe+Mtn+Greenstone+belt+(gemhunter.webs.com).jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpUjdTyqF-E8BS67BVx5SmhsG9_bjqPafvny55W6Gl-bB2cNoWg7rYFbdM6MaFLqfNvJL6-q2McoZh73lKgluRl6NzQmGI-EIkw7g-JTLCPSbwSJecLbtPA1zYYH-GmLqRjHOw-ajtAY5x/w264-h400/Banded+iron+formation,+Seminoe+Mtn+Greenstone+belt+(gemhunter.webs.com).jpg" width="264" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Folded BIF in the Seminoe Mountains.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Gold is concentrated in a 1/4 mile
diameter zone of altered metagabbro and
metabasalt near the western margin of the belt (Klein, 1981; Hausel,
1989b). Samples of quartz recently
collected in this region were highly anomalous and have yielded gold values as
high as 98.4 ppm (2.87 opt). BIF is also
locally anomalous in Au and Ag.
Amphibolites in the altered zone have been overprinted by chlorite,
carbonate, quartz, and sulfide alteration assemblages (Klein, 1981). The zone
is transected by narrow quartz-calcite veins and stockworks containing minor
pyrite and chalcopyrite. Ore shoots
often yield visible gold and exhibit control by folding. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Seminoe Mountains greenstone
belt contains ubiquitous BIF. The BIF is
interlayered with metabasalt and metasediments, and is predominantly oxide
facies. Harrer (1966) outlined a 100
million ton deposit of BIF, which varied from 28% to 68.7% Fe. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Copper deposits are sporadic and appear
to be unimportant in the greenstone belt.
Some samples with anomalous Zn and Pb were detected in a shear zone near
some gold mineralization (Hausel, 1990b), and follow-up studies on this shear
is currently in progress. The Seminoe
Mountains were explored by Kerr McGee Corp. and Timberline Minerals in the
1980s. Hausel recovered a large number of G10 pyrope garnets from the northern flank of the greenstone belt near the Miracle Mile. The source of the diamond-stability pyrope garnets has not been identified, but this area may be of interest to gold prospectors. The Tertiary gravels sitting high and dry in the flats surrounding the North Platte river in what is known as the Kortes Placer, contain gold and likely have diamonds.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLG5ETgFZf-5m0xulSKrKph62vcX3hVjUQ8BCfFv3Ox5fx-HPMYdo03dzljTx2uXjIksfacGX3Jcr-T5kMrXRTKiC29ooY98fkIb8EavOxkcmgHeq8o4PcebDX70AbWPsWCLfjSNqskID5/s1600/RSH+map.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLG5ETgFZf-5m0xulSKrKph62vcX3hVjUQ8BCfFv3Ox5fx-HPMYdo03dzljTx2uXjIksfacGX3Jcr-T5kMrXRTKiC29ooY98fkIb8EavOxkcmgHeq8o4PcebDX70AbWPsWCLfjSNqskID5/w640-h410/RSH+map.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: #ffa400; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="color: #ffa400;"><b>Rattlesnake Hills greenstone belt</b></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The author was attracted to the Rattlesnake Hills greenstone belt because of its favorable geology, i.e., the presence of Archean-age greenstone belt rocks with above normal amounts of gold that had been intruded by a group of Tertiary alkalic volcanic and plutonic rocks, which fragmented the adjacent greenstone belt providing both heat and fractures in which to mobilize and precipitate gold enrichments. And then, there were exhalites (pyrite-bearing silicified zones and banded iron formations) - probable high-grade zones. And sure enough, we found gold in exhalites and traces of gold in greenstone breccia in 1980. This area is has considerable potential for commercial deposits, particularly near brecciated zones within the greenstone belt rocks lying adjacent to a group of Tertiary alkalic intrusives exposed at the surface, at depth, and hidden. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">T<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">he Rattlesnake Hills supracrustal belt is in the northern Granite Mountains. Within this belt, a 500 ft long, mineralized vein (metachert), was discovered in 1981 by the author, and named the Lost Muffler prospect. Composite chip samples 3.6 ft in length were taken in the vein, and assayed 7.5 and 4.5 ppm Au (Hausel, 1989a). Exploration in this area by American Copper and Nickel Corporation (ACNC) intersected auriferous BIF and gold-bearing Tertiary alkalic igneous rock. Drill intercepts included 10 ft of 10.3 ppm Au in BIF and 250 ft of 2.1 ppm in the Tertiary volcanics. Additional sampling by the author identified anomalous gold in nearby breccias and Tertiary alkalics and drilling to depth by recent companies on these breccias intersected some very impressive gold deposits (Hausel and Hausel, 2011). Some time after activity by ACNC, <a href="https://www.evolvinggold.com/news-release/new-gold-targets-identified-at-rattlesnake-hills-project">Evolving Gold</a> began exploration and identified additional targets in the Rattlesnake Hills in 2012. Recently, the area has been under investigation by <a href="https://gfgresources.com/projects/overview/default.aspx">GFG</a> Resources.</span></div></div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Other Supracrustal Belts.</b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In addition to greenstone terranes,
the Wyoming Province encloses medium to high-rank metamorphosed supracrustal
belts. These belts occur in the Tobacco
Root Mountains, the Ruby and Gravelly Ranges of Montana, and the Copper
Mountain district of the Owl Creek Mountains, Wyoming. Also in Wyoming is the Hartville uplift in
the southeastern corner of the Province.
This terrane consists of relatively low-rank metamorphosed eugeoclinal
sedimentary and volcanic rocks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: orange;">Copper
Mountain district, Owl Creek Mountains</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Copper Mountain district in the eastern
Owl Creek Mountains is interpreted as a high-grade supracrustal belt (Hausel
and others, 1985). It is intensely metamorphosed and isoclinally folded such
that all primary textures have been essentially destroyed or overprinted by
foliation. Two mappable units in the belt are similar in appearance and consist
of intercalated amphibolite and quartzofeldspathic gneiss. A third unit is
formed of gneiss, amphibolite, BIF, metapelite, and quartzite.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Scattered mineral deposits in the
Copper Mountain district include stratiform scheelite, vein Cu and Au, and
REE-Ta pegmatites. One relatively
significant development (the DePass mine) lies along the eastern edge of the
district in a 50 ft wide Proterozoic mafic dike emplaced in Archean
granite. This mine was driven into the
dike and produced a minimum of 568,000 lbs of mill concentrates in the early
1900s with receipts for Cu, Au, and Ag.
The mine has more than 11,000 feet of workings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: orange;">Hartville
district</span></b> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=hartville+uplift+wyoming&espv=2&biw=1548&bih=810&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=CHvjVN2GFMqxggSAyoGgBw&ved=0CFMQsAQ&dpr=1">Hartville uplift </a>in southeastern Wyoming
has yielded more than 5 million pounds of copper and 45 million tons of iron from
Archean schists and overlying Phanerozoic rocks. Mineral deposits in the region include the
McCann Pass pyritiferous massive sulfide deposit, scattered Cu-Ag-Au-U (copper-silver-gold-uranium) unconformity deposits and several gemstone and lapidary minerals of potential interest including onyx, copper minerals, specularite, garnet and aquamarine (Hausel, 2009, 2014, Hausel and Hausel, 2011). The Silver Cliff mine in the northern portion of the uplift was initially developed for gold and
silver in the 1870s and later mined for uranium in the early and mid 1900s
(Hausel, 1989a). Mineralization at the Silver Cliff is localized in fault gouge
and along a Precambrian-Cambrian unconformity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP1waMmVPkPOCG8hYFhbzkLxJ6Ti1w9FBbZEYZDoG5RVVwV4mLCVAYfXpMWglEebu27flBSpc6psN0ZdYZnhuVVNRx8JNtH1JL3hCVrBQSL8G1p3kpqjs4Mjn3rdv7okQMGX36sHW58AeB/s1600/onyx.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP1waMmVPkPOCG8hYFhbzkLxJ6Ti1w9FBbZEYZDoG5RVVwV4mLCVAYfXpMWglEebu27flBSpc6psN0ZdYZnhuVVNRx8JNtH1JL3hCVrBQSL8G1p3kpqjs4Mjn3rdv7okQMGX36sHW58AeB/s1600/onyx.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Onyx, Hartville uplift</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Hartville uplift is principally
known for its massive hematite. Hematite
was mined by C.F.&I. Corporation for many decades from hematite schist
until 1981. Total recorded production
amounted to more than 45 million tons of ore with some by-product copper. The hematite is secondary in origin and
interpreted to have been derived by groundwater oxidation and enrichment of
originally ferruginous beds (Bayley and James, 1973; Snyder and others, 1989). These deposits often contain copper as well
as anomalous gold. For instance, the
Michigan mine in the central portion of the uplift encloses two hematite
pods. The northern ore body contains 75
million tons of 25% Fe, and the southern deposit contains 41 million tons of
24% Fe (Wilson, undated). The upper segment
of these deposits are copper stained and anomalous in gold (Woodfill,
1987). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Unconformity deposits also occur in
the belt. In the northern Hartville
uplift, the Silver Cliff shaft was developed on a Precambrian-Phanerozoic
unconformity and mineralized reverse fault.
Available assay reports indicate the ore contained none to 10.88 % Cu,
none to 15.04 opt Ag, 0.001 to 3.39% U<span style="mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">3</span>O<span style="mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">8</span>, and anomalous gold (Wilmarth and
Johnson, 1954). In the southern portion
of the uplift, Kerr McGee explored a copper-stained Precambrian-Paleozoic
unconformity recovering samples with cerargyrite, unmangite, electrum, and
native gold (Kerr McGee Corp., 1988). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwPkR6Qoycd7qgDjzRiCF1906KCAnBItmn3ijUvA7Al2nY8GDAxkMKaS3rVfv24t_YUEKlVxFsuWIt5KdDtgLyQ0j6AL5985DCK2uXamFno-1lQ7Te5jAgtJFRdKlg0RXPN5YQllXkXxUF/s1600/Specularite+with+malachite,+Hartville+uplift+(gemhunter.webs.com).jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwPkR6Qoycd7qgDjzRiCF1906KCAnBItmn3ijUvA7Al2nY8GDAxkMKaS3rVfv24t_YUEKlVxFsuWIt5KdDtgLyQ0j6AL5985DCK2uXamFno-1lQ7Te5jAgtJFRdKlg0RXPN5YQllXkXxUF/s1600/Specularite+with+malachite,+Hartville+uplift+(gemhunter.webs.com).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Malachite in specularite, Hartville uplift, Wyoming</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">South of the Silver Cliff mine, a
contact between hanging wall dolomite and footwall schist is mineralized over a
1 to 15 ft thickness. Lenses from the
Copper Belt Group assayed 2 to 8 % Cu and the adjacent altered iron-stained
schist contained 0.05 to 0.58 opt Au and 2 to 5 opt Ag (Ball, 1907). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In the southern portion of the
uplift, an extensive gossan at "gossan hill" along the McCann Pass
fault was prospected by Mine Finders in the 1970s, and more recently by Exxon
Minerals. Outcrop and shallow drill
holes recovered samples with elevated Cu, As, and Zn. Deeper drilling intersected thick zones of
anomalous mineralization including 10 ft of 0.8% Zn, and 2 ft of 1.2 % Zn and
0.08 opt Au (Woodfill, 1987). </span><span style="font-family: Geneva;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva;"><span style="color: orange;">OLD, BUT NOT QUITE AS OLD OF MINERAL DEPOSITS (PROTEROZOIC AGE MINERALIZATION)</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Nearly all of the Proterozoic rocks in
Wyoming are restricted to the southeastern corner of the state in the Laramie,
Medicine Bow, and Sierra Madre Mountains. The Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains are bisected by a prominent
Precambrian suture known as the Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear zone. This shear
is projected into the Laramie Range where it is intruded by a 350 mi<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">2</span> anorthosite batholith. To the south of the suture are volcanogenic
schists and metasediments of the Green Mountain terrane that represent a
Proterozoic island arc accreted to the craton nearly 1.7 Ga ago. Archean
basement rocks are absent from this region, thus the oldest basement rocks in this area are Proterozoic in age (2.5 billion to 600 million years old). To the north, however, Proterozoic miogeosynclinal metasedimentary rocks
form a thick wedge lying on the Archean basement. The Proterozoic rocks of the Green Mountain Terrane are similar to those found in the <a href="http://goldarizona.blogspot.com/">Jerome district </a>of <a href="http://az-gold.blogspot.com/">Arizona</a>. These enclose several volcanogenic <a href="http://ferris-haggarty.blogspot.com/">massive sulfide deposits</a> rich in copper, zinc, lead, silver and gold; layered mafic complexes and <a href="http://pzhill.blogspot.com/">ultramafic massifs</a> containing platinum, nickel, palladium, gold, silver, titanium, chromium and copper; copper-gold-silver veins, gold veins, copper-gold shear zones, copper-REE pegmatites, <a href="http://douglascreekgold.blogspot.com/">gold and diamond placers</a> and more. However, the region was piecemeal withdrawn one deposit after another by the US Forest Service making the once area of multiple use into limited and very restricted use.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: orange;"><b>Green
Mountain Terrane</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Precious and base metals south of the shear
zone occur in quartz veins, massive sulfides, a <a href="http://copperking.blogspot.com/">porphyry</a>, and in layered mafic
intrusions. In the Keystone district of
the Medicine Bow Mountains, N60°W-trending shears are loci for narrow veins.
These veins are gold- and copper-bearing, pyritic, quartz-carbonate veins in
tensional faults subsidiary to the Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear zone (Currey,
1965). Mineralization is accompanied by silicification in the form of small,
irregular quartz veinlets and the wallrock is enriched in epidote. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">At the <a href="http://www.icmj.com/article-notloggedin.php?id=1787">Keystone mine</a>, gold was found
in quartz, and in pyrite and pyrrhotite masses in mylonite selvages adjacent to
the vein. The vein lies in sheared diabase that intrudes quartz-biotite gneiss
country rock (Currey, 1965). The shear is 2 to 6 feet wide, locally splays to 300
feet, and continues 4,500 feet to the southeast to the Florence mine. Available information indicates the Keystone
ore averaged 41 ppm Au. When the mine
ceased operations in 1893, 100,000 tons of reserves were reported in site. Eight samples collected from the mine dump by
Loucks (1976) yielded 6.5 ppm to 300 ppm (0.19 to 8.75 opt) Au and averaged 117
ppm (3.41 opt) Au. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">At the the southeastern end of the
Keystone trend, the Florence mine was developed in quartz diorite. The ore occurred as 'kidneys' of auriferous
pyrite which assayed from 257 ppm to 1,656 ppm (7.5 to 48 opt) Au (Currey,
1965). Samples collected from the mine
dump by Loucks (1976) yielded values ranging from 2.06 ppm to 799 ppm (0.06 to
23.3 opt) Au. One sample collected by
the author in 1990, consisted of limonite boxwork after pyrite with abundant
visible gold. Both the Florence and
Keystone patented claims are currently for sale, and were recently examined by
Homestake.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Volcanogenic massive sulfide
deposits occur in the Green Mountain Formation of the southern Sierra
Madre. This unit consists of relatively
low-grade metamorphosed calc-alkaline metavolcanics and associated
metasedimentary rocks and volcaniclastics. The massive sulfides are copper or zinc dominated with silver and traces
of gold. Between 1979 and 1982, Conoco
Minerals explored this region for massive sulfides. Mineralized exhalites
were discovered in metarhyolite and meta-andesite, and colloform-textured,
pyrite-chalcopyrite was associated with volcaniclastics (mill rock)
(Hausel, 1986). BHP-Utah
International is exploring to the south in Colorado for Ag-Zn. But true to nature, the US Forest Service followed all of the massive sulfide discoveries with massive withdrawals of land to limit any mining. They effectively closed all legal discoveries with their questionable tactics. One of the greatest known massive sulfides in the area is the <a href="https://ferris-haggarty.blogspot.com ">Ferris-Haggarty</a> mine which has a significant, unmined copper deposit with associated silver and gold. Exxon Minerals identified a large gold resource in part of the historic mine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><b><span style="color: #ffa400;">Silver Crown District</span></b><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">A<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">t least one deposit in the Laramie
Range south of the shear zone has been classified as a Au-Cu porphyry. The </span><a href="http://copperking.blogspot.com/" style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Copper King mine </a><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">in the Silver Crown
district west of Cheyenne (Klein, 1974), was developed in weakly foliated and
hydrothermally altered quartz monzonite and granodiorite. A shaft sunk in a potassium-silicate altered
zone is surrounded by propylitically altered rock. In my opinion, Dr. Terry Klein is a brilliant geologist and seems to be ahead of the curve.</span></div></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi28vh2dN7i-Hs7boJD86zzo3ryDsRW1-Ee4HRvLz8wv5PZQIaOPIzjEKxHZG0zs_wOJrooMyKIBNVIlY-gMKl9R0Q7uPZHtKJf0BVOXxFe0-vnda6clNU5wM9JBd5wo3fMj0bcG6tJmYn_6d9HiS7TajvdQ2GNVaaabbEj8htbO1fA6Q94NR-cFEWb5g=s1016" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="744" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi28vh2dN7i-Hs7boJD86zzo3ryDsRW1-Ee4HRvLz8wv5PZQIaOPIzjEKxHZG0zs_wOJrooMyKIBNVIlY-gMKl9R0Q7uPZHtKJf0BVOXxFe0-vnda6clNU5wM9JBd5wo3fMj0bcG6tJmYn_6d9HiS7TajvdQ2GNVaaabbEj8htbO1fA6Q94NR-cFEWb5g=w468-h640" width="468" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Generalized geologic map of the Silver Crown district (Copper King </i></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>circled) (modified from Klein, 1974).</i></div></i></td></tr></tbody></table>The Copper King was initially
drilled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines in the 1950s, later by Asarco, in the 1980s by Caledonia Resources, Ltd., Royal Gold, and Saratoga Gold. Drilling outlined a 35-million ton open
pitable, ore body averaging 0.755 ppm Au and 0.21 % Cu (Nevin, 1973). Recently, Caledonia Resources outlined a
higher grade zone consisting of 4.5 million tons averaging 1.5 ppm Au, and <a href="http://mda.com/Portals/0/MDA/Reports/CopperKing_PEA_2012.pdf">Strathmore</a> Resources identified about 2 million ounces in 2012.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Copper King porphyry is mineralized along
a 600 to 700 ft strike length, and a 300 ft width that is open at depth (Stockwatch,
1987). Saratoga Gold and Strathmore Resources reported in the 21st century, that a low-grade, 2 million ounce equivalent, Au-Cu deposit sat at the site. More recently, <a href="https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/open-spaces/2021-12-03/a-national-company-is-looking-to-build-a-gold-mine-in-laramie-county">US Gold </a>Corporation has taken an interest in this property. Now, this does not surprise me, as I spent some time examining the property while at the University of Wyoming and later as a geological consultant. Any time a company can find a ready-made property like this, it should be examined in great detail! Where else (besides Arizona) can one find a >2 million ounce deposit exposed at the surface within view of I-80, that has considerable potential for extensions of the gold and copper resources. And there are other, similar, unexplored anomalies nearby. This property could be one of the great finds of the century.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQMn9RGICjn4EFCOsBqDe5vP6C_G1_t9mLisTWnrKnbLbtCBkDDYYucSkgW0JIF_pbfa7yjIVAwaRb8fmFygvejzVVIYpUJdafB1Gn3EHh6A_RCtLEYyWobARGesTJmOGh7JEElG4zhw2ST7LwRg2KpmZ4VuT9Vapm7lrDpyXCSW9yPvOU1gvznhcfng=s786" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="603" data-original-width="786" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQMn9RGICjn4EFCOsBqDe5vP6C_G1_t9mLisTWnrKnbLbtCBkDDYYucSkgW0JIF_pbfa7yjIVAwaRb8fmFygvejzVVIYpUJdafB1Gn3EHh6A_RCtLEYyWobARGesTJmOGh7JEElG4zhw2ST7LwRg2KpmZ4VuT9Vapm7lrDpyXCSW9yPvOU1gvznhcfng=w400-h306" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Copper King fault (the bottom edge of the photo is to the east)<br />showing location of the Copper King fault. Using slickensides, <br />the author was able to determine that the fault down-dropped<br />the eastern block that now lies under soil and gravel of <br />unknown depth.</i></td></tr></tbody></table>As a research geologist for the Wyoming Geological Survey (UW) and later a consultant, the author examined Copper King, the Copper King Fault along the east flank of the ore body, sampled nearby prospects and, mapped nearby underground mines that were still accessible in 1980. My initial look at the Copper King was because of a grant I received from the UW Engineering Department to find and provide them with possible properties for metallurgical leaching research. I found them some good possibilities in 1980 and 1981 summary report for the department and later for the UW Mining and Mineral Resource Research Institute, in which the Copper King was given top bill, while a few other properties were highly recommended for additional research by the Wyoming Geological Survey (UW) because of very favorable geology. Most notable of these was the Rattlesnake Hills and especially the potential for large-tonnage, replacement and fracture fill gold deposits predicted to lie adjacent to a group of alkalic intrusives. The geology was very favorable, and the prediction was verified by ACNC. Another area highly recommended for further geological research was gold mineralization within the Bear Lodge intrusive near Sundance.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">While exploring the Copper King deposit, the author found a significant section of the mineralized porphyry was down-dropped on the east and now buried by alluvial gravel and soil. This information verified that the ore body is greater than the 2 million ounces based on past drilling, and that this offset needs to be drilled to increase the gold resource. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEixnF7T3xYptMkER8CS9uHanR-YE9sOWJpx0MJLVpuLTL1TAdCHRr81lNQgU97yfNrBzfgWldUiwJdZVbiCFeRlz_a0Xw70zcPNSDpKQr468IIFfGtiD3fbmCGR_chKCqrlQ_MqgD6O9F1PmwPVg6sFgCHzawN98EKI9QOcVQkzZoV97k9RTcRoWXXSjQ=s1667" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1334" data-original-width="1667" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEixnF7T3xYptMkER8CS9uHanR-YE9sOWJpx0MJLVpuLTL1TAdCHRr81lNQgU97yfNrBzfgWldUiwJdZVbiCFeRlz_a0Xw70zcPNSDpKQr468IIFfGtiD3fbmCGR_chKCqrlQ_MqgD6O9F1PmwPVg6sFgCHzawN98EKI9QOcVQkzZoV97k9RTcRoWXXSjQ=w400-h320" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>While examining core from the Copper King drill project<br />the author found grains of visible gold associated with pyrite.<br />The native gold (distinct gold color) sits adjacent to pyrite<br />(brass-colored). The presence of visible gold indicates the<br />adjacent intermittent stream valleys of Copper King will<br />have placer gold (possibly diamonds?). As far as the author<br />is aware, none of the drainages were ever sampled for <br />detrital gold or diamonds.</i></td></tr></tbody></table>Both Klein (1974) and the author each identified similar hydrothermal alteration zones nearby suggesting additional porphyry deposits are likely located in this area along I-80. The author also suggested that erosion of the porphyry likely produced gold placers in nearby drainages leading into Cheyenne, Wyoming. And the discovery of many nearby cryptovolcanic structures by the author, while VP of US exploration for <a href="http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/44155/Diamonex-Limited.html">DiamonEx Ltd,</a> supports that almost any drainage in this region could potentially carry placer diamonds. The area is also immediately east of the <a href="http://discussionsondiamonds.blogspot.com/">State Line district</a>, where more than 130,000 gem and industrial diamonds were recovered in the late 1970s, 1980s, and mid 1990s. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="color: #ffa400;"><b>New Ramble district</b></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Exploration in<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> the southern Medicine
Bow Mountains was undertaken by ACNC, Chevron
Resources, International Platinum, and Vanderbilt Gold. The target was two large layered mafic
complexes dated at about 1.8 Ga based on field relationships. The 60 mi</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Mullen Creek mafic complex abuts against, and
is sheared by, the Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear zone. This complex is highly deformed and
metamorphosed. Along the northeastern
corner of the complex is the historic New Rambler mine. The New Rambler shaft was collared in sheared
and hydrothermally altered mafic rock and was sporadically operated from 1900
to 1918 producing 6,100 tons of copper ore with values in Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd
(Hausel, 1989a). The source of the platinoids has not been determined, although
one possibility suggested by McCallum and Orback (1968) is hydrothermal
remobilization from a platinum reef hidden at depth.</span></div></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Six miles east of the Mullen Creek
mafic complex is a second layered intrusive known as the Lake Owen
complex. This intrusive is of similar
size, but is essentially unmetamorphosed.
Exploration activities in the past few years have isolated some
significant Pt, Au, and Pd anomalies in the complex. In this same region, Hausel discovered Cu-Au-Ag-Ni-Pd at the <a href="http://pzhill.blogspot.com/">Puzzler Hill pyroxenite</a> complex.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Mullen Creek-Nash Fork shear
zone is a major Precambrian suture formed of mylonite, shear cataclastics, and
breccia that separates the Archean craton to the north from the Proterozoic
basement to the south. Several mineral deposits in the Medicine Bow Mountains
occur in this zone. For example, the New
Rambler shaft, as well as several Au-Pt mines in the Centennial Ridge district,
were sunk in shear zone cataclastics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><b><span style="color: #ffa400;">Miogeoclinal Terrane</span></b><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Nor<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">th of the shear, precious metals occur in
narrow veins and in thick quartzites with copper. Gold has also been detected in quartz pebble
conglomerate and in shear zones. Vein deposits in the Gold Hill district of the
Medicine Bow Mountains, occur as narrow, rich, quartz veins with common visible
gold. Specimen samples taken out of the district each year testify to the
richness of the veins. Historic reports claim some specimen grade material
taken from the Acme mine at Gold Hill assayed 72,000 ppm (2,100 opt) Au.
Unfortunately, these veins are narrow (0.5-2 ft wide) and spotty. One shear recently examined by the Wyoming
Geological Survey and the U.S. Forest Service in the Lewis Lake area of the
Medicine Bow Moutains, is greater than 100 ft wide and traceable for 2,000
ft. The shear occurs in limonitic
quartz-mica schist. Samples of pyritized
schist yielded 4.1 ppm (0.12 opt) Au (Dersch, 1990).</span></div></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Mineralized
quartzites occur at several localities in the Sierra Madre. Gossans in
quartzites were prospected in the late 1800s and led to the development of some
important copper mines. Two prominent mines were the Ferris-Haggerty and the
Doane-Rambler. The Ferris-Haggerty is
interpreted as a remobilized stratabound deposit (Hausel, 1986). During its operation (1902 to 1908) the
Ferris-Haggerty was an internationally prominent mine. The massive chalcocite
minor chalcopyrite ore was found filling irregular quartzite breccias along the
contact between hanging wall schist and the underlying quartzite (Spencer,
1904) of the Magnolia Formation. Ore
shoots greater than 20 ft thick were high-graded for the rich (30-40 % Cu) ore,
and much of the lower grade material was left as waste. These shoots averaged 6
to 8 % Cu and carried some Au and Ag (Beeler, 1905; Spencer, 1904). Beeler (1905) reported the ore contained 3.4
to 15 ppm (0.1-0.44 opt) Au. The mine
was mapped during World War II, and according to Ralph E. Platt (pers. comm.,
1988), the steeply dipping quartzite flattens out in the lower mine workings
and large blocks of "low grade" ore (6-8% Cu) remain in place. The property was explored for stratiform
Cu-Au-Ag mineralization by Exxon Minerals in the early to mid 1980s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Proterozoic age quartz pebble
conglomerate occurs in the thick miogeoclinal wedge in the northern Medicine
Bow Mountains and Sierra Madre. These
conglomerates were of considerable interest in the late 1970s after they were discovered
to be radioactive (Houston and Karlstrom, 1979). During the mapping of these
conglomerates some samples were tested for precious metal content. Gold values
as high as 10 ppm were detected from a conglomerate near Dexter Peak in the
Sierra Madre. Even though similarities to the Witwatersrand conglomerates have
been noted (e.g. Karlstrom and others, 1981), these rocks still have received
only minor attention for gold. Exxon
explored and drilled some of the conglomerates in the late 1970s in search of U
and Th. In the early 1980s, Superior
Minerals initiated a project to prospect for Au.</span><span style="font-family: Geneva;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva;"><span style="color: orange;"> EVEN YOUNGER MINERALIZATION IN WYOMING'S ROCKS (PHANEROZOIC)</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Gold anomalies are scattered
throughout the Phanerozoic (600 million years old to the present) record in the State. Many of these anomalies are enigmatic with no definite source
terrane. In Paleozoic and Mesozoic
rocks, gold deposits and anomalies are much less common than in the
Cenozoic. Whereas, in the Cenozoic,
there is a significant increase in anomalies compared to the earlier Eras. The
increase in gold anomalies is partially due to the Cenozoic section being
better preserved, but also because the Cenozoic Era represented a period of
gold redistribution from Precambrian sources and an influx from volcanic
sources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Paleozoic Mineralization </i>The Paleozoic record is not well
preserved in Wyoming. However, thick limestones and dolominte crop out along
the flanks of the uplifted mountain ranges, and in southeastern Wyoming and
northern Colorado are more than 100 kimberlite intrusives (Devonian), more than
a dozen of which are diamondiferous. Gold-bearing Cambrian Flathead Formation (Deadwood-equivalent)
conglomerates occur at a few localities in the state. The better known of these
is the "Deadwood conglomerate" (basal Flathead conglomerate) at Bald
Mountain west of Burgess Junction in the northern Bighorn Mountains.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">During the Bald Mountain gold rush
near the turn of the century, more than 1,500 miners occupied the short-lived
town of Bald Mountain and mined the conglomerate and associated modern
placers. However, grades were too low to
sustain commercial operations and the district was deserted. The gold was reported as flat fine-grained
flakes with jagged edges. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In addition to gold, the
conglomerate contains black sands with ilmenite, magnetite, zircon, and
monazite (Wilson, 1951; Mckinney and Horst, 1953; King and Harris, 1987).
Interest in the monazite resulted in a U.S. Bureau of Mines drilling project
which outlined a 20 million ton low-grade resource averaging 2.5 lbs/ton of
monazite with a higher-grade resource of 675,000 tons averaging 13.2 lbs/ton
(Borrowman and Rosenbaum, 1962).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">During testing of the Bald Mountain
conglomerate, the Bureau of Mines ran assays on material recovered from six
drill holes in the better-grade monazite areas. The assays showed gold contents
from 0.034 ppm to 0.172 ppm, averaging 0.103 ppm (McKinney and Horst,
1953). However, Darton (1906) reported
gold assays to run as high as 3.43 ppm (0.1 opt). Darton's samples may have been from reworked
Recent placers, rather than from the Cambrian conglomerate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Precious metal anomalies are also
reported in black shales and phosphorites of the Phosphoria Formation (Permian)
in the Overthrust Belt of western Wyoming.
These rocks host anomalous Ag, Au, Cr, Zn, Cu, and V (Love, 1984). The
U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey report rocks from the
Phosphoria Formation to have high silver values (as much as 2,600 ppm) and
anomalous gold (0.2 ppm) (Allsman and others, 1949; Love, 1984).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Mesozoic Mineralization </i>Several argentiferous Cu-Zn redbed
deposits occur in Mesozoic rocks in the Overthrust Belt. The majority of these are in the Nugget
Sandstone (Jurassic). Similar
mineralization has been identified in the Beckwith(?) or Twin Creek
Limestone(?), and in the Wells Formation Sandstone (Permo-Pennsylvanian)
(Hausel, 1989a).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">he better known of these deposits
are located in the Lake Alice district in Wyoming near the Idaho-Wyoming
border. The Lake Alice deposits are
localized in an anticline formed of bleached redbeds of the Nugget Sandstone
capped by the Gypsum Spring Member of the Twin Creek Limestone. The Lake Alice deposits were drilled by Bear
Creek Exploration in the 1970s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Griggs mine in the northern part of the
district, the mineralized sandstone is at least 300 feet thick. Samples
collected by Love and Antweiler (1973) ranged from 0.02 to 6.7% Cu, a trace to
0.5% Pb, a trace to 3.2 % Zn, and a trace to 1,200 ppm (35 opt) Ag. The average mine ore contained 3.5 % Cu and
254 ppm (7.4 opt) Ag (Allen, 1942). The mineralizing fluids are interpreted as
interformational or derived from a similar low temperature source and were
structurally trapped (in anticlines and faults) during thrusting and folding of
the Overthrust Belt (Boberg,1986; Loose and Boberg, 1987).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Cenozoic Mineralization </i>The Cenozoic of Wyoming includes
many poorly studied and unexplored gold and silver deposits and anomalies. Only
a few are discussed here and the reader is referred to Albert (1986) and Hausel
(1989a) for a treatise on these and other occurrences and anomalies.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In northwestern Wyoming,
paleoplacers and associated reworked modern placers cover an extensive region.
These auriferous quartzitic conglomerates and sandstones range in age from Late
Cretaceous to Miocene and include associated Quaternary placers. The average
gold content is anomalous but low, and the gold is very fine grained (Antweiler and Love, 1967). Most past
prospecting activities have been confined to reworked alluvial and bench placers
primarily along the Hoback and Snake Rivers.</span><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">_________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Stratigraphic
unit<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Average
Au (ppb)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Maximum
assay (ppb)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Quaternary
alluvium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">103<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Miocene(?) conglomerate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">290<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Pass
Peak Fm(Eocene)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">47<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">250<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Wind
River Fm(Eocene)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">2,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Early?
Eocene conglomerate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">94<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">PinyonConglomerate(Paleocene)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">86<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">6,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Ft Union
Fm (Paleocene)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">300<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">Harebell (Late Cretaceous)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">1,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;"><i>Reported gold content
of conglomerates in northwestern Wyoming (Antweiler and Love, 1967).</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Geneva; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Geneva;">_________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Tertiary of Wyoming was a time
of intense erosion, and large volumes of fanglomerate and conglomerate were
shed from the mountain ranges into the adjacent valleys. Where the source terrane included greenstone
belts and other mineralized regions, the alluvial fans and fluvial sedimentary
rocks often carry detrital gold. For example, the Twin Creek paleoplacer on the
northeastern margin of the South Pass greenstone belt is estimated to exceed
more than one billion cubic yards of gold-bearing gravel (Antweiler and others,
1980). The Oregon Buttes paleoplacer
along the southern margin of the greenstone belt is estimated to contain more
than 28.5 million ounces of gold (Love and others, 1978). Other significant
paleoplacers occur in and along the margins of the greenstone belt, but for the
most part remain unexplored. However,
in the late 1980s, spurred on by the recovery of auriferous core from an oil
well along the southern edge of the South Pass greenstone belt, Hecla Mining
drilled and flew airborne magnetic and IP surveys over the buried southern edge
of the belt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Gold-bearing conglomerates and
terrace gravels in the Wind River Basin have gold over large regions. In 1910, gold was discovered along the Wind
River, Little Wind River, and Popo Agie River in the basin. The metal was found in terrace gravels
capping benches and buttes and in the nearby plains, mesas, and uplands for
thousands of feet to a few miles from the present drainages. The deposits were reported to average 12 to
14 feet thick over widths of 3 to 4 miles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The gold is very fine tablet-like
particles smaller than a pinhead. In 1913, gravels were tested and varied from
none to 0.016 oz/yd<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">3</span> and averaged less than
0.0025 oz/yd<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">3</span> Au. Two dredges operated in the Wind River.
The Neble Dredge operated in a pay zone that ranged from 0.007 to 0.016 oz/yd<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">3</span> and averaged 0.014 oz/yd<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">3</span>. The gold-bearing gravels averaged about 22
feet thick. The Clark Dredge, a few miles west of the Neble Dredge, treated
gravels that averaged 0.038 oz/yd<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">3</span> (Schrader,
1913). The demise of the district was the gold was too fine to be recovered
efficiently.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2kMpxmFY765NUTrCkjQ7h2L1Zxx7fcCZW1fGNJTjmWmSw2o1xCdzZmXZ1HHRD9ySvzfoCQCz6-lCRNACqqMuq4DpFzxq3R_NxsLl5JFkAUkkDIgCeX_wA-o4DV0MRgva7SkmB6I9msLqI/s1600/Black+Hills.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2kMpxmFY765NUTrCkjQ7h2L1Zxx7fcCZW1fGNJTjmWmSw2o1xCdzZmXZ1HHRD9ySvzfoCQCz6-lCRNACqqMuq4DpFzxq3R_NxsLl5JFkAUkkDIgCeX_wA-o4DV0MRgva7SkmB6I9msLqI/s1600/Black+Hills.JPG" width="338" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>The Black Hills of Wyoming</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">During the Tertiary, Wyoming was
affected both directly and indirectly by volcanism. In northwestern Wyoming, the Yellowstone and
Absaroka regions were inundated by calc-alkaline flows, flow breccias, and ash
falls generated from nearby composite volcanoes. In the Black Hills of northeastern Wyoming,
several alkalic volcanic centers erupted.
Local alkalic volcanoes erupted in the Rattlesnake Hills of central
Wyoming, and basalts erupted from cinder cones in the Baggs area in southern
Wyoming. In southwestern Wyoming, volcanoes ejected rare leucite- and
olivine-lamproites with chemical and mineralogical similarities to the Kimberly
diamondiferous lamproites in northwestern Australia. The Tertiary record also
records Wyoming was buried numerous times by thick ash falls erupted from the
west.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Mineral deposits are associated with
the Black Hills alkalics, the Absaroka
volcanics, and with the thick ash falls in the Wyoming basins. In the Black
Hills, mineralization is reported in the Tertiary alkalic complexes of the Bear
Lodge Mountains, Mineral Hill district, and Black Buttes. In recent years, this area has been explored
by Hecla Mining, Molycorp, FMC Gold, and International Curator to name a
few. In the Bear Lodge Mountains, gold
has been reported in fluorite veins, pegmatites, and in feldspathic
breccia. Recent exploration in the area
led to the discovery of an elongate intrusive breccia (120 by 2,000 ft)
containing disseminated gold in values varying from 0.34 to 1.7 ppm. The deposit averages 0.72 ppm (International
Curator Resources Ltd, 1988 Ann. Rept.). This region also includes one of the
largest, low-grade rare earth and thorium deposits in the United States
(Staatz, 1983).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Mineral Hill district to the
east has a history of placer gold and tin production. Preliminary work by the Wyoming Geological
Survey in cooperation with TRYCCO identified two horizontal pyritiferous quartz
veins at the Treadwell open cut that yielded maximum gold values of 130 ppm
(3.79 opt) and silver values as high as 330 ppm (9.62 opt). Previous work in the district by Welch (1974)
identified several gold anomalies including a jasperoid that assayed 5 ppm Au
and 7 ppm Ag (Hausel and Hausel, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Black Buttes lies 8 miles west of
Mineral Hill and is formed of Tertiary phonolites and trachytes intruded into
Paleozoic limestone. Contact replacement mineralization (Zn, Pb, Ag, Mo, F)
occurs in the Pahasapa Limestone (Mississippian), but the surface exposures are
limited (Hausel, 1989a). Hausel identified both gem-quality fluorite and wulfenite at one deposit at Black Buttes (Hausel, 2009).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5T1DEzD9d7dLj05l2uukoCDV_qQm6blIRQQqAyeS1vSBp757hAtjMdVcIjvK2JcCk4oKBBmCfGukaYc9cHCcvuJYIgfMSDyMo8JkCWw9nemdQNdhgNbZSx74zsYJ1EIOwcW5A-5lE96jb/s1600/Absaroka+porphyry+deposits+-+Copy.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5T1DEzD9d7dLj05l2uukoCDV_qQm6blIRQQqAyeS1vSBp757hAtjMdVcIjvK2JcCk4oKBBmCfGukaYc9cHCcvuJYIgfMSDyMo8JkCWw9nemdQNdhgNbZSx74zsYJ1EIOwcW5A-5lE96jb/s1600/Absaroka+porphyry+deposits+-+Copy.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Location of gold-silver-copper porphyry deposits <br />in the</span><span> </span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Absaroka Mountains in
northwestern Wyoming include several Cu-Ag porphyry complexes, several of which
are located within wilderness designated land.
However, the two largest porphyries--Kirwin and Sunlight Basin lie
outside of wilderness within the National Forest. These two porphyries contain anomalous Cu,
Mo, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, and Ti, and includes disseminated, stockwork, and vein
mineralization (Hausel, 1982). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> The Kirwin porphyry was explored by
AMAX for several years, and plans to develop an open pit in 1980 died because
of the poor copper market. However, in
recent years interest in Kirwin (as well as the Sunlight porphyry) has increased. Currently, the U.S. Forest Service is
negotiating with AMAX to purchase the property for $3.2 million. If acquired, the porphyry will be considered
for withdrawal from mineral entry.
Published reports indicate the porphyry hosts a minimum of 1.23 billion
lbs of Cu, 13,500 lbs of Mo, 121,000 oz of Au, and 5.6 million ounces of Ag
(Paydirt, 1985). The contained metals
are worth a minimum of $1.5 billion at 1989 prices. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Throughout Wyoming, many enigmatic
gold anomalies have been reported. These include gold associated with coal in
the Black Hills, gold anomalies in uranium roll fronts (Gordon Marlatt, pers.
comm., 1989), and scattered geochem anomalies in many Wyoming basins
(Albert,1986). For example, dozens of NURE geochem anomalies yielding from 0.2
ppm to 6.55 ppm Au were reported by Albert (1986) in the Wyoming basins. Several of these anomalies have been
reexamined and verified. For example,
Marlatt investigated a 200 mi<span style="mso-text-raise: 3.0pt; position: relative; top: -3pt;">2</span> anomaly in
the Green River Basin in the vicinity of Farson (south of South Pass) and
recovered one sample with visible gold. The gold occurred as a irregular-shaped
microscopic sliver. Many of these anomalies are possibly due to detrital gold
eroded from nearby gold districts. But others
are not easily explained by detrital transportation but instead may represent
geochemically transported gold leached from Tertiary ash falls (Gordon Marlatt,
pers. comm., 1988).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Most commercial modern placers in
the State have been principally mined for gold, although the Douglas Creek placers
in southeastern Wyoming also possess platinum and palladium, the Clarks Camp
placers in the northern Wind River Range contain anomalous monazite in addition
to gold, and the Mineral Hill placers in northeastern Wyoming also have tin,
tantalite, and magnetite (Figure 2).
Monazite placers also occur in the Shirley Basin in southeastern Wyoming
(J.D. Love, pers. comm., 1990).
Statistics on gold nuggets are incomplete, although walnut-size nuggets
have been recovered from the Mineral Hill district, the Douglas Creek district,
and the South Pass greenstone belt. The
largest nugget found in Wyoming may have been a 24 ounce nugget from Rock Creek
in the South Pass greenstone belt.
History also records a boulder with nearly 40 pounds of gold was found
in the same area prior to 1905 (Hausel, 1989a).
This region also has several potentially rich, but unexplored placers
(Hausel, 1991).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Within the State boundaries are
numerous gold deposits and anomalies scattered throughout the geologic
record. Many examples occur in rocks
ranging in age from Archean to Tertiary, and in Quaternary to Recent
unconsolidated gravels and sands. Yet,
relatively few of these deposits and anomalies have been explored and only a
handful have been drilled. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Being that much of Wyoming is
underlain by an Archean craton similar to the Superior Province of Canada, the
eastern and southern African craton, and to the Pilbara and Yilgarn blocks of
Western </span>Australia, one would expect Wyoming to also have significant mineralization.<br /><br /><b><span style="color: #ffa400;">Placer Gold, Diamonds and Rubies</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Wyoming Geological Survey received a few later grants from the MMRRI institute at the Department of Engineering (UW) to search for evidence of hidden diamond deposits along with placer gold. The project was very successful and resulted in more than 300 heavy mineral anomaly discoveries in southeastern Wyoming, that contained either gold, rubies, sapphires, or diamond indicator minerals. The project also identified a placer gold deposit along I-80, near Elk Mountain, a gold anomaly within a dry placer in the Laramie City landfill, along with several <a href="https://WyRuby.blogspot.com">rubies</a> and sapphires in the Laramie Mountains, and nearly 300 diamond indicator <a href="https://capeemerald.blogspot.com">minerals</a> (pyrope, chromian diopside, picroilmenite) anomalies. A few cryptovolcanic structures were also identified, and later work by the author for DiamonEx, resulted in the identification of more than 300 cryptovolcanic structures (possible diamond pipes), but only one was ever drilled.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Some of the better placer gold targets in the state are those associated with the <a href="https://southpassgreenstone.blogspot.com ">South Pass</a> greenstone belt, whether it is the Rock Creek placer, Willow Creek placer, Big Atlantic Gulch placer, Strawberry Creek placer, Big Hermit Gulch placer, Deep Gulch, Spring Creek, Spring Gulch, Lame Jack Gulch, Nugget placer, Burr Gulch, Sweetwater River placers, Sweetwater River hydraulics, Smith Gulch, Irish Gulch, and many other placers and paleoplacers. And of course, don't forget the Oregon Buttes, Dickie Springs placers and paleoplacers to the south. </div>The Gem Hunterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140441375536836992noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2224480899864264988.post-21341458976387581602013-10-13T14:01:00.001-07:002016-12-31T11:18:12.448-08:00Wyoming Gold<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjloav_tmA49pjVbEarPc2TFAT8xiJ65VcNAfWNZUfx9h8RUTc3gtXtCIeGsWBRJfghXdnDFZP2CEUMn1UCAI-qnt4oGncPE6R3R7jU4GpfJ8muH1X35eR1SdUQrtPtdXzNfzRdKpBKO3ca/s1600/22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjloav_tmA49pjVbEarPc2TFAT8xiJ65VcNAfWNZUfx9h8RUTc3gtXtCIeGsWBRJfghXdnDFZP2CEUMn1UCAI-qnt4oGncPE6R3R7jU4GpfJ8muH1X35eR1SdUQrtPtdXzNfzRdKpBKO3ca/s640/22.jpg" width="297" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="http://aupan.blogspot.com/">Panning for gold & diamonds </a>in Wyoming</i><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Gold References</span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Albert, K.G.,1986, "Reported gold concentrations in sediment samples from U.S. Department of Energy's National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) reports," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Open File Report 86-4, scale 1:1,000,000.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Allen, F.S.,1942, "Letter to the Board of Directors of the Polaris Mining Company," Geological Survey of Wyoming, mineral files (unpublished), 3p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Allsman, P.T., Majors, F.H., Mahoney, S.R., and Young,W.A.,1949, "Investigation of Sublette Ridge vanadium deposits, Lincoln County, Wyoming," U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 4476, 8p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Antweiler, J.C., and Love, J.D.,1967, "Gold-bearing sedimentary rocks in northwest Wyoming-A preliminary report," U.S. Geological Survey, Circular 541, 12p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Antweiler, J.C., Love, J.D., Mosier, E.L., and Campbell, W.L.,1980, "Oligocene gold-bearing conglomerate, southeast margin of Wind River Mountains, Wyoming," Wyoming Geological Association, 32nd Annual Field Conference Guidebook., p.223-237.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ball, S.H., 1907, "Copper deposits of the Hartville uplift, Wyoming," U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 315-B, p. 93-107.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Bayley, R.W.,1968, "Ore deposits of the Atlantic City district, Fremont County, Wyoming," </span><i style="font-family: geneva; text-indent: -0.25in;">in</i><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;"> J.D. Ridge (ed), Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967, AIME, New York, N.Y, p. 589-604.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Bayley, R.W., and James, H.L.,1973, "Precambrian iron-formations of the United States," Economic Geology, v. 68, p. 934-959.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Beeler, H.C.,1905, "Mining in the Grand Encampment copper district, Carbon and Albany Counties, Wyoming," Office of the State Geologist, misc. rept., Cheyenne, 32p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Beeler, H.C.,1908, "A brief review on the South Pass gold district, Fremont County, Wyoming," Office of the State Geologist, misc. rept., Cheyenne, 23p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Boberg, W.W.,1986, "Lake Alice copper district, Lincoln County, Wyoming," </span><i style="font-family: geneva; text-indent: -0.25in;">in</i><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;"> S. Roberts (ed), Metallic and Nonmetallic Deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas, Geological Survey of Wyoming, Public Information Circular 25, p.54-55.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Borrowman, S.R., and Rosenbaum, J.B.,1962, "Recovery of thorium from a Wyoming ore," U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 5917, 8p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Bow, C.S.,1986, "Structural and lithologic controls on Archean greywacke-hosted gold mineralization within the Sweetwater district, Wyoming, USA," </span><i style="font-family: geneva; text-indent: -0.25in;">in</i><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;"> Turbidite-Hosted Gold Deposits, Geological Association of Canada, Spec. Pap. 32, p.107-118.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Condie, K.C., 1976, "The Wyoming Province in the western United States," </span><i style="font-family: geneva; text-indent: -0.25in;">in </i><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">B.F. Windley (ed), The Early History of the Earth, John Wiley & Sons, New York, p.499-510.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Conoco Minerals Company,1982, "Summary report on the Huston and Fletcher Parks massive sulfide deposits," Geological Survey of Wyoming, mineral files, 82p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Currey, D.R.,1965, "The Keystone gold-copper prospect area, Albany County, Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Preliminary Report 3, 12p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Darton, N.H.,1906, "Mineral resources of the Bighorn Mountain region," U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 285, p.303-310.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">deQuadros, A.M.,1989, "Report on the diamond drill program July-August 1989 at the Carissa mine property, South Pass City, Fremont County, Wyoming, for Consolidated McKinney Resources Ltd.," Vancouver, B.C.: (unpublished report), 76 p., plus drill logs and assays.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Dersch, J.S., 1990, "Snowy Range withdrawal," U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Mineral Report WYW-115104, 19p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Harrer, C.M., 1966, "Wyoming iron-ore deposits," U.S. Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 8315, 114p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D.,1982, "General geologic setting and mineralization of the porphyry copper deposits, Absaroka volcanic plateau, Wyoming," Wyoming Geological Association, 33rd Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p.297-313.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D.,1986, "Mineral deposits of the Encampment mining district, Sierra Madre, Wyoming-Colorado," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Report of Investigations 37, 31p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D., 1987, "Structural control of Archean gold mineralization within the South Pass greenstone terrain, Wyoming (USA)," </span><i style="font-family: geneva; text-indent: -0.25in;">in</i><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;"> R.W. Hurst, T.E. Davis, and S.S. Augustithis (eds), The Practical Applications of Trace Elements And Isotopes to Mineral Resource Evaluation, Theophrastus Publications, Athens, Greece, p.199-216.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D.,1989a, "The Geology of Wyoming's Precious Metal Lode and Placer Deposits," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Bulletin 68, 248p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D.,1989b, "Precambrian geology of the Seminoe gold district, Bradley Peak Quadrangle, Carbon County, Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Open File Report 89-10, scale 1:24,000.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D., 1990a, "Geologic map of the South Pass granite-greenstone belt, southern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Report of Investigations 44, scale 1: 48,000.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D., 1990b, "Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Ni anomalies from rock samples from Bradley Peak, Seminoe Mountains," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Mineral Report 90-2 (unpublished), 10 p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D.,1991, "Economic geology of the South Pass granite-greenstone belt, Wind River Mountains, western Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Report of Investigations 44, in press.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">., 2009, <b><i><u>Gems, Minerals and Rocks of Wyoming. A Guide for Rock Hounds, Prospectors & Collectors</u></i></b><i>. Booksurge,</i> 175 p.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D., Graff, P.J., and Albert, K.G.,1985, "Economic geology of the Copper Mountain supracrustal belt, Owl Creek Mountains, Fremont County, Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Report of Investigations 28, 33p</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D.,</span><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> and </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, E.J.,</span><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> 2011, Gold – Field Guide for Prospectors and Geologists (Wyoming and Adjacent Areas). Booksurge, 365 p.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D., and Hull, J.M., 1990, "Guide to gold mineralization and Archean geology of the South Pass greenstone belt, Wind River Range, Wyoming," </span><i style="font-family: geneva; text-indent: -0.25in;">in</i><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;"> Sheila Roberts (ed), Geologic Field Tours of Western Wyoming, and Parts of Adjacent Idaho, Montana, and Utah: Geological Survey of Wyoming, Public Information Circular 29, p. 178-191.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Houston, R.S., 1983, "Wyoming Precambrian Province-example of the evolution of mineral deposits through time?", </span><i style="font-family: geneva; text-indent: -0.25in;">in</i><span style="font-family: "geneva"; text-indent: -0.25in;"> Sheila Roberts, (ed), Metallic and Nonmetallic deposits of Wyoming and Adjacent Areas, 1983 Conference Proceedings: Geological Survey of Wyoming, Public Information Circular 25, p.1-12.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Houston, R.S., and Karlstrom, K.E.,1979, "Uranium-bearing quartz pebble conglomerates-exploration model and United States resource potential," U.S. Department of Energy, Open File Report GJBX-1(80),510p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Karlstrom, K.E., Houston, R.S., Flurkey, A.J., Coolidge, C.M., Kratochvil, A.L., and Sever, C.K.,1981, "Volume 1, A summary of the geology and uranium potential of Precambrian conglomerates in southeastern Wyoming," U.S. Department of Energy, Open File Report GJBX-139(81), 541p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Kerr McGee Corporation, 1988, "Letter and report to W. D. Hausel from W.P. Leedy on the discovery of umangite," Geological Survey of Wyoming, mineral files, 7p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">King, J.K.,and Harris, R.E.,1987, "Rare earth elements and yttrium in Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Open File Report 87-8, 43p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Klein, T.L.,1974, "Geology and mineral resources of the Silver Crown district, Laramie County, Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Preliminary Report 14, 27p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Klein, T.L.,1981, "The geology and geochemistry of the sulfide deposits of the Seminoe district, Carbon County, Wyoming," Ph.D. thesis, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, 232p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Loose, S.A., and Boberg, W.W.,1987, "Sedimentary facies control on mineralization at the Lake Alice district in the Wyoming Overthrust Belt," Wyoming Geological Association, 38th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p.309-327.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Loucks, R.R.,1976, "Platinum-gold-copper mineralization, central Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming," M.S.thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 290p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Love, J.D.,1984, "Gold, silver, and other selected trace elements in the Phosphoria Formation of western Wyoming," Wyoming Geological Association, 35th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p.379-391.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Love, J.D., and Antweiler, J.C.,1973, "Copper, silver and zinc in the Nugget Sandstone, western Wyoming," Wyoming Geological Association, 25th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p.139-147.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Love, J.D., Antweiler, J.C., and Mosier, E.L.,1978, "A new look at the origin and volume of the Dickie Springs-Oregon Gulch placer gold at the south end of the Wind River Mountains," Wyoming Geological Association, 30th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p.379-391.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">McCallum, M.E., and Orback, C.J.,1968, "The New Rambler copper-gold-platinum district, Albany and Carbon Counties, Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Preliminary Report 8, 12p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">McKinney, A.A., and Horst, H.W.,1953, "Deadwood conglomerate monazite deposit, Bald Mountain area, Sheridan and Big Horn Counties, Wyoming," U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, RME-3128, 40p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Nevin, A.E.,1973, "Interim report, Copper King property, Laramie County, Wyoming," Henrietta Mines Ltd. company report: Geological Survey of Wyoming, mineral files (unpublished), 16p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Schrader, F.C.,1913, "Gold placers on Wind and Bighorn Rivers, Wyoming," U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 580, p.127-143.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Snyder, G.L., Hausel, W.D., Klein, T.L., Houston, R.S., and Graff, P.J.,1989, "Precambrian rocks and mineralization, southern Wyoming Province," 28th International Geological Congress, Field Trip Guidebook T332, 48p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Spencer, A.C.,1904, "Copper deposits of the Encampment district, Wyoming," U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 25, 107p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Spry, P.G., and McGowan, K.I.,1989, "Origin of Archean lode gold mineralization at Atlantic City-South Pass, Wyoming: fluid inclusion stable isotope study," 28th International Geological Congress, Abstracts, v.3. p.3-163.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Staatz, M.H.,1983, "Geology and descriptions of thorium and rare earth deposits in the southern Bear Lodge Mountains, northeastern Wyoming," U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1049-D, 52p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Stockwatch, 1987, "Exploration update on Caledonia Resources Ltd.," September, 1987, Canjex Publishing, Ltd., Vancouver, B.C., p.9</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Thurston, P.B.,1986, "Geochemistry and provenance of Archean metasedimentary rocks in the southwestern Beartooth Mountains: M.S. Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, 74p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Welch, C.M.,1974, "A preliminary report on the geology of the Mineral Hill area, Crook County, Wyoming," M.S. thesis, South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, 83p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Wilmarth, V.R., and Johnson, D.H.,1954, "Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming," U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 1009-A, 12p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Wilson, W.H., undated, "Muskrat Creek", Geological Survey of Wyoming, mineral files (unpublished), 6p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Wilson, W.H.,1951, "A monazite deposit in the Big Horn Mountains, Sheridan and Big Horn Counties, Wyoming," Geological Survey of Wyoming, Mineral Report 51-3 (unpublished), 3p.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -24px;">
<span style="font-family: "geneva"; font-size: small; text-indent: -0.25in;">Woodfill, R.D.,1987, "Hartville uplift, southeastern Wyoming", unpublished consultant's report, Geological Survey of Wyoming, mineral files, 20p.</span></div>
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The Gem Hunterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140441375536836992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2224480899864264988.post-70896486800933006212013-03-23T17:59:00.007-07:002022-02-19T14:34:58.831-08:00Hidden Gold Deposits in Wyoming<span style="font-family: Vivaldi; font-size: 20pt; text-align: justify;"><b>W</b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-align: justify;"><b>yoming</b>
is sitting on tens of billions of dollars in <b>gold</b>! So why would the <strong><a href="http://wygmstn.blogspot.com/">Gemstone State</a>*</strong> sit on so much <b>gold </b>and do nothing about it? Is it because Mother Nature is
not willing to give up her secrets easily? The answer is yes, but government agencies have also made a living off of withdrawing potentially productive land that contains a <a href="http://goldmtn.blogspot.com/">mountain of gold</a> and base metals.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWdJpLL0YwY3mkvGYVi5qjOx-YuqU6ogUAqEjwaqReGDU2gf0x3foND_1AgPIIFnXtYHd_uISu-rAB7LsfaMJ4CSqwOmDi15e8s7sYhUOIDuXOcCvxbxjwJ8Wi0b7hdKQaMF-OmaXhhlA3/s1600/North+American+Craton.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWdJpLL0YwY3mkvGYVi5qjOx-YuqU6ogUAqEjwaqReGDU2gf0x3foND_1AgPIIFnXtYHd_uISu-rAB7LsfaMJ4CSqwOmDi15e8s7sYhUOIDuXOcCvxbxjwJ8Wi0b7hdKQaMF-OmaXhhlA3/s640/North+American+Craton.jpg" width="552" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="color: orange;">The North American Craton showing the very old Archean (Archon) cores (rocks greater than 2.5 billion years in age) with younger Proterozoic Provinces (rocks greater than 600 million years and less than 2.5 billion years). The Archon and Proton Provinces form the continental craton.</span></em></td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">When geologists look for places to explore
for <b>gold</b>, one of the first places we look are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craton">cratons</a>. The word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">craton</i> is derived from the Greek word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kratos</i>, meaning <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘strength’</i>. And for those of you who are not familiar with the term; cratons are the very old, stabilized cores (or foundations)
of the earth's continents. Where these cores are exposed, they contain old,
hard, schists, gneisses, and granitic rocks that geologists refer to as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘hard rocks’ </i>as compared to younger,
stratified sedimentary <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘soft rocks’</i> that
often cover large portions of the cratons and lap onto the margins of the cratons extending from these margins to the sea. The old Continental cores are formed of rocks that
yield age dates of more than 600 million years old, and many are rich in <strong><a href="http://searching-for-gold.blogspot.com/">gold</a></strong>, <a href="http://discussionsondiamonds.blogspot.com/">diamonds</a>, rubies, <a href="http://wyruby.blogspot.com/">sapphires</a> and other <a href="http://gemstonehunter.blogspot.com/">gemstones</a> as well as rare metals such
as chromium, titanium, nickel, copper and platinum group metals. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQpYbgNHFzLHO_nwBdzaHCNvlazw8a9Ij03wKwFVOlv_LBcsKjzD2RXWGhuLVaYdyTFuWj53UMx5fO4OFbw68Ap-MUzzXXPhm6y1WaULvsmF8J2geLdMg7bJZIz6YSGRA6Oeu0IOe7nyFY/s1600/DuncanMine&Mill-WDH-1977.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQpYbgNHFzLHO_nwBdzaHCNvlazw8a9Ij03wKwFVOlv_LBcsKjzD2RXWGhuLVaYdyTFuWj53UMx5fO4OFbw68Ap-MUzzXXPhm6y1WaULvsmF8J2geLdMg7bJZIz6YSGRA6Oeu0IOe7nyFY/s640/DuncanMine&Mill-WDH-1977.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="color: orange;">The Duncan gold mine at </span><strong><a href="http://southpassgreenstone.blogspot.com/">South Pass</a></strong>.</em></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Some of the great <b>gold mines </b>(and <b>diamond
mines</b> for that matter) are found in <b>cratons</b>. In Western Australia, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Pit_gold_mine">Super Pit at Kalgoorlie</a> is located withiin the Yilgarn Craton. The giant<b> open pit gold mine</b> is so large
that it can be seen from space and it produces 850,000 ounces of <b>gold </b>each year (more than twice the amount of <b>gold </b>mined in <b>Wyoming's </b>entire history).
Another great <b>gold mine </b>was the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestake_Mine_(South_Dakota)"><b>Homestake mine</b></a> in South Dakota. This mine produced
40 million ounces of <b>gold </b>over 123 years before shutting down in 2001. The
<b>Homestake </b>sits on the edge of the <b>Wyoming </b>Craton. These are just two of many examples of
major <b>gold mines</b> in cratons around the world. So based on <b>geology</b>, <b>Wyoming’s </b>portion of the craton should
have considerable <b>gold </b>and should at least be comparable to Montana and South Dakota.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">If we compare total historical <b>gold production
in Wyoming</b> to the surrounding states, it becomes apparent <b>Wyoming </b>is a very significant anomaly! In the past, <b>Wyoming </b>produced only 348,000 ounces of <b>gold </b>according to Hausel (1980, 1989, 1997), and Hausel and Hausel (2011).
This is very minor compared to all other western States. Yet, all of <b>Wyoming </b>is underlain by a Craton, and the state contains many favorable <b>geological </b>terrains including Archean </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">greenstone belts </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(greater than 2.5 billion year old volcanic-sedimentary basins that are well-known for containing significant amounts of <b>gold </b>elsewhere in the world), Tertiary-Quaternary volcanic rocks (such as Yellowstone, the Absaroka Mountains, Mineral Hill, Bear Lodge Mountains, Rattlesnake Hills) and Proterozoic (600 million years old to 2.5 billion years old) rocks. Based on <b>geology </b>alone, <b>Wyoming </b>should have produced 100 to 500 times more <b>gold </b>than it has.</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUwQ2TkCZSclKkP1xQ5PIOxQs2-0C3wesVUrg6aB5Mqremu-wdwP25Ueb5rKM6fGZtE94MYt6a76wYWNPHKlTTr7PpM-UwT_4T6JcINwmtiIDhzgUo8v2_0IbpiI_JiBJVVBiRZpVNyXff/s1600/Carissa+Shear+zone+-+geologist+for+scale.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUwQ2TkCZSclKkP1xQ5PIOxQs2-0C3wesVUrg6aB5Mqremu-wdwP25Ueb5rKM6fGZtE94MYt6a76wYWNPHKlTTr7PpM-UwT_4T6JcINwmtiIDhzgUo8v2_0IbpiI_JiBJVVBiRZpVNyXff/s400/Carissa+Shear+zone+-+geologist+for+scale.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="color: orange;">The </span><strong><a href="http://carissa-au.blogspot.com/">Carissa Gold mine</a></strong>, South Pass.</em></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">For instance, South Dakota produced 145 times more <b>gold
</b>than <b>Wyoming</b>; <a href="http://montana-gold.blogspot.com/"><b>Montana</b></a> produced 47 times more <b>gold </b>than <b>Wyoming </b>and both of these
states are partially underlain by the same craton as <b>Wyoming </b> (Hausel, 2008). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://colorado-gold.blogspot.com/">Colorado</a> produced 144 times as much <b>gold
</b>as Wyoming, Utah produced 85 times more <b>gold</b>, <a href="http://goldarizona.blogspot.com/">Arizona</a> 46 times more <b>gold</b>,
<a href="http://californiangold.blogspot.com/">California</a> 340 times more <b>gold</b>, <a href="http://goldalaska.blogspot.com/">Alaska</a> 115 times more <b>gold</b>, and Nevada
produced 437 times more <b>gold </b>than <b>Wyoming</b>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">So where is all of that<b> gold </b>hiding? Don't follow my <b>Farcebook page, </b>we censor them because they mislead, and out and out lie about <a href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tb7122df1-250f-46e5-9312-fa83a2670abe/0669d0e9-d784-40b8-ac01-35c744ce9bf6">facts</a>. They don't represent American values and support the criminally insane - You know - <a href="https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/whats-happening-in-not-right-dr-robert-malone-blasts-clinical-corruption-totalitarianism-in-viral-joe-rogan-interview/">Tony and Bill</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><b>References </b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -67.5pt;">
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Hausel, W.D.,
1980, <b><i><u>Gold districts of Wyoming: Geological Survey of Wyoming</u></i></b> Report of
Investigations 23, 71 p.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -67.5pt;">
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-indent: -67.5pt;">Hausel</span><span style="text-indent: -67.5pt;">, W.D., 1989, <i><u>T<b>he geology of Wyoming's precious metal lode and placer deposits</b></u></i><b>:</b>
Geological Survey of Wyoming Bulletin 68, 248 p.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hausel, W.D., 1997, </span><i style="color: orange; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><u><b>The
geology of Wyoming's copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, and associated metal
deposits in Wyoming:</b></u></i><span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Geological Survey of Wyoming Bulletin 70, 224 p</span><i style="color: orange; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">.</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -67.5pt;">
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-indent: -0.5in;">Hausel</span><span style="text-indent: -0.5in;">, W.D., 2008, <i>Significant gold
mineralization-Wyoming examples <u>in</u></i> Woods, A., and Lawlor, J., eds., <i><u>Topics of Wyoming Geology</u></i>,
Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, p. 59-76.</span><span style="text-indent: -0.5in;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -67.5pt;">
<span style="color: orange; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, W.D.,</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> and </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Hausel, E.J.,</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
2011, <b><i><u>Gold</u></i> <i><u>– Field Guide for Prospectors and Geologists</u></i></b> (Wyoming and Adjacent
Areas). Booksurge, 365 p.</span></span></div>
</div>
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</div>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">*In
many circles, Wyoming is known as the Cowboy State, while Idaho is referred to
as the Gem State. However, over a period of three decades (1975-2006), dozens
and dozens of gemstones, diamonds and gold deposits were discovered in Wyoming.
Many were found where others had looked, some were located where no one had
looked, others were sitting adjacent to highways and interstates and some were
found along 4-wheel drive roads. The discoveries were so numerous and of such a
variety, that many people now refer to Wyoming the ‘<a href="http://wygemstones.blogspot.com/">Gemstone State’</a>,
particularly since the state has a much greater variety of gems than any other
state in the US.</span></span></i><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDQRufzhKTq5uPP9r73ULQl79OELnQnAdW_CSvHi6jHsitJJ4PjbvgSucRk4qkwuTM2bRsFXfjKLFO_uJrqSPN3bRjaGY1al_2h7jaqmxKA2GQeCtJgDQdFSfkCIOz4lpVEN79fD4bbl_a/s1600/Dan+Hausel+makes+major+gemstone+discovery+at+Grizzly+Creek+Wyoming+in+2004.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDQRufzhKTq5uPP9r73ULQl79OELnQnAdW_CSvHi6jHsitJJ4PjbvgSucRk4qkwuTM2bRsFXfjKLFO_uJrqSPN3bRjaGY1al_2h7jaqmxKA2GQeCtJgDQdFSfkCIOz4lpVEN79fD4bbl_a/s640/Dan+Hausel+makes+major+gemstone+discovery+at+Grizzly+Creek+Wyoming+in+2004.JPG" width="488" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="color: orange;">The author, discovers another mineral deposit in 2004 and ends up on the cover of </span>ICMJ's Prospecting and Mining Journal:<span style="color: orange;"> a few hundred mineral deposits were found in Wyoming from 1975 to 2006. The discoveries included a Cripple Creek-like gold district in Wyoming known as the Rattlesnake Hills greenstone belt. </span><span style="color: orange;">Because of these discoveries, publications, geological mapping and more, the Wyoming Geological Survey was known to be one of the top three state geological surveys in the country up until 2004, yet it was the smallest geological survey for many years. In 2004, things really started to go wrong and within 3 years, essentially half of the staff and advisory board resigned, transferred, retired or died. Some who lived through this time resigned for ethical reasons. All of this occurred under the watchful eye of a Democrat Governor. And there has never been any investigations as to what went wrong.</span></em><br /><em><span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></em></td></tr>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0-1JIxaJm1PupN3RnXk1fUQZ-cAggEYQqrcScNKTgqjXTkWizgPGqYltCf8HfGeJR8z6Y4oiZE74OaX-McpcCYu14rxtkvfi_7ervmEDWFerBI7ixjnZRo6pBcEAz-8rOsz98qwNv-c7e/s1600/1+of+400+talks+by+WDH+at+South+Pass.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0-1JIxaJm1PupN3RnXk1fUQZ-cAggEYQqrcScNKTgqjXTkWizgPGqYltCf8HfGeJR8z6Y4oiZE74OaX-McpcCYu14rxtkvfi_7ervmEDWFerBI7ixjnZRo6pBcEAz-8rOsz98qwNv-c7e/s640/1+of+400+talks+by+WDH+at+South+Pass.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="color: orange;">One of several free field trips and <a href="http://danhauselauthor.pbworks.com/w/page/16733738/Award%20Winning%20Public%20Speaker">talks </a>presented by the author to help educate the public in mineral deposits and prospecting.</span></em><br />
<em></em></td></tr>
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The Gem Hunterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140441375536836992noreply@blogger.com3